Influence of Information systems Essay

This research investigates the influence of Information system at Human Resource and what are their impacts on organizational performance. Organizations are moving faster towards the Information Technology and adapt more and more advancements of Information Technologies. In today’s context none of the organization can survive without Information technology. Every organization has developed or either purchased information systems to support their business functionalities in order to face the competitive advantages. Most of the organizations are investing on Information Systems, thinking that it would help to increase the performance of their organization. Will the Information system can alone increase the performance of the organization? What impact has this on Human Resource of the Organization? These are questions that today’s Organization having today. Even though the Organizations is implemented the advance information system purchased or developed in-house supports â€Å"Without a doubt, advancement in technology has had a huge impact on organizations across the globe over the last few decades. It has impacted a range of sectors of the economy on diverse levels chiefly in the financial, educational entertainment, direct sales retailing, and healthcare and information sectors. By and large, its impact is evident on any activity that relies heavily on communication and information flow, lowering the cost of communication† – Child (2009). With the rapid development of the technology, advancement of the information systems should be upgraded. Is the advancement of technology applied or used by the organization is another question. Will these information system satisfied users requirements or are they being underutilized should be the major concern. How far these information system supports and helpful to the internal employees should address thoroughly in order to learn how effective these technologies are using in the current situation. As many of the organization Commercial Credit and Finance PLC is looking forward to survive in the rapidly changing economic system while competing with other giants in the industry. IT is becoming the most vital role for the organization and its a must reason to have a good Information System which will have pos itive impact towards its human resource. IT alone cannot drive a business a success. Human Resource is also equally important as IS in gaining  competitive advantage. Employees expecting to grow team work, quality of their work and fulfillment of the life for a better establishment in the work place. â€Å"Shifting demographic patterns, the pace of technological change, and the path of economic globalization — will evolve over the next 10-15 years. Then, they consider the implications of these trends for key aspects of the future workforce and workplace, including the size, composition, and skills of the workforce; the nature of work and workplace arrangements; and worker compensation† – Lynn Karoly and Constantijn Panis (2004) According to the Central Bank of Sri Lanka Annual report of 2012 (Central Bank of Sri Lanka, 2013), there are sixty non-banking finance companies operating in a fiercely competitive environment. All these companies are working on a 646 billion rupee cumulative asset base that is left behind by the government and private Banks. This highly competitive environment has brought about a sense of dynamism to the industry where organizations such as the one being assessed are either perpetrators or victims of replication or imitation. In this sense firms must constantly renew their products, skills and capabilities. Instead of doing this in a haphazard manner resulting in being a follower it is important for firms in such a competitive arena to look at innovation and the capabilities it requires in a structured way that would earn its due rents. In this age of portability and technology driven market place, these financial organizations depend heavily on their shared information technology departments to deliver value through pointing in the right direction. On the other end is an IT department that is more inclined to do the daily firefighting and has exhausted its resources by simply sticking to day to day activities. There is a standoff between senior management trying to make sense of IT investments in the form of new innovations to help keep up with its competitors and the information technology departments who don’t see themselves as drivers of innovation but back office functions. The research site concerned has seen tremendous growth and success in the industry within the past thr ee years with a net profit rise of fifteen fold (Commercial Credit & Finance PLC, 2013). Unfortunately in keeping with this momentum the firm has faced its share of difficulties with IT related innovations where budget overruns and high time  to market has severely affected the firm’s performance in some aspects. Research Objectives 1. To identify how effective the firm is in using information system 2. To identify how information systems affects firms performance 3. Explore the impact of the information systems on human resource of the company 4. To identify impact of human resource for Organization Performance

How satisfactory is this view of Wolsey’s position as Henry VIII’s Minister Essay

Thomas Wolsey rose from being the lowly son of a butcher, through various posts in the royal service, to become Lord Chancellor in December 1515, and remained at the pinnacle of the King’s service until his fall in October 1529. To stay in power for so long, it needs to be established whether he spent his time as a ‘servant’ to the King, or as a authority in his own right. Historian G.R.Elton stated that, ‘He had lasted so long because †¦ he knew how to promote himself, and for most of the time, he knew how to keep henry satisfied.’ Elton’s words indicate what I believe are the two main factors in studying Wolsey’s ministry – how he served the King, and how much he did for himself. It is my opinion that Wolsey, despite his plentiful policy in areas of little interest to the King like social and governmental reform, remained so prominent in the King’s service due to his ability to serve the King, allowing Henry to live life as a young ‘Renaissance Prince.’ The King also felt relatively safe giving such power to Wolsey, as he didn’t pose a threat to his throne in the way that some nobles or those of royal blood may have posed. However nature of the relationship between Henry and Wolsey was unusual, as it was not like the archetypal master-servant relationship. In some of his letters to Wolsey, Henry signed off as ‘your loving friend and master,’ or referred to hims as ‘father’ in the spiritual sense of the word. George Cavendish, a contemporary, and Wolsey’s butler said â€Å"The king displayed a most loving disposition towards him, especially as he was most earnest and readiest among all the council to advance the King’s mere will and pleasure.† The friendship seemed to work both ways, and although it has been suggested that Henry took Hampton Court by force, I am in agreement with most historians that Wolsey gave it to Henry as a gift. To judge the extent to which Wolsey did serve his ‘master,’ it is necessary to analyse Wolsey’s work, and discover the true aim behind each of his major areas of policy. In studying Wolsey’s domestic policy, one must establish Henry’s role in this area, and in particular, what he wanted done and how much of it he was willing to do himself. As Henry was not the first son of his father Henry VII, he had not received the same royal training that his older brother Arthur had done, thus he had never really developed an interest in royal domestic affairs. While Henry VII chose to rule the country himself, Henry VIII saw ruling his country as delegating jobs to other people so he could live a youthful life, spending time hunting and enjoying himself with other men of his age. His lack of interest in day-to-day administrative affairs left a void to be filled, so the arrival in the his service of someone who not only excelled in the field, but was willing to serve his every need seems to have been the main reason for the King to keep Wolsey. As Lord Chancellor, Wolsey was effectively head of the legal system. However, as I established previously, Henry’s interest in fields such as this was limited, so he gave Wolsey power to do what he pleased (but he did have to approve Wolsey’s reform before it was implemented). Wolsey became a contriver of many policies of reform in the legal system, notably with his personal service in the Court of Chancery, increasing the administering of law of equity as opposed to common law, and with his revision of the role of Star Chamber in 1516, so that it would dispense justice and oversee fairness in the legal system. The question we need to ask is how much of this was done for the King, and how much did Wolsey do of his own accord, as arguments can be established for either opinion. By sitting in on the Court of Chancery, Wolsey was taking on a lot of unnecessary extra work, and his enforcement of equity (which was seen as dangerously close to Roman Law) is evidence to suggest that Wolsey allegiance may not have only lain with Henry, but with the Pope as well. However, Wolsey himself had little or no legal training, and the work he carried out was rather early in his ministry, which suggests that is ultimate aim was to please the King by offering him exciting new plans of reform to keep him happy. Also, the work he carried out in Star Chamber was demanded of him by Henry. It is my personal opinion that Wolsey’s needed to maintain the King’s interest and appear as though he was working directly to serve the King, and this seems to have been his main priority, as this was the key to remaining in the King’s favour. Wolsey’s background lay in religion rather than in law, so it seemed that anything policy he would implement would be more likely to reflect his own personal desires, rather than as a service to the King. In 1514, he was made Archbishop of York, and in 1518, he was promoted to Papal Legate (a position which was conferred on him for life in 1524), effectively making him the most powerful man in the church. The important question is that when serving the Pope in England, would he be acting for himself (and the Pope) or his master, the King? Wolsey’s first major policy in the church was the defence of ‘Benefit of Clergy.’ In the 1515 Parliament. This itself was a bold move for Wolsey, as he had only recently been given power, and to defend something that both King and Parliament didn’t approve of meant losing popularity. Nevertheless, Wolsey knelt to Henry to assure him that his power was totally unthreatened by the church. This evidence suggests that Wolsey may not have necessarily wanted to do everything that the King wanted, and he seemed to have some power of refusal over the King himself. In the church, we also witness Wolsey’s collection of offices, wealth and power, which we can hardly regard as a service to the King. His offices included Bishop of Durham and Winchester, Abbot of St Albans (one of the richest abbeys in England), as well his previous offices as Archbishop of York, Papal Legate and Lord Chancellor, providing examples of pluralism. He even charged clergy to carry out duties which he could not fulfil, in a gross example of non-residence. He derived a huge income from all of the above while maintaining power, placing him in a unique position, and freeing him up to serve the King in other ways. One third of land in England belonged to the church, and this seemed to be the one of the few aspects of the church that Henry himself was displeased with, thus it can be said that the dissolution of 30 monasteries between 1524-9 would have theoretically been done for the King. In practice, Wolsey kept a great deal of the revenue from the monasteries, diverting it to his school in Ipswich and his college at Oxford. Social reform was one of the areas of domestic policy that least concerned the King, so it seems likely that most of Wolsey’s action in this field would not be in service to the King. His attempt to reduce the injustice of ‘enclosures’ and ‘engrossing’ via the Enclosure Commission of 1517-9 was clearly of little consequence to the King, and was more likely to be an area of policy where the King gave Wolsey freedom to implement his own policy. The fact that Wolsey carried out policies for which there is little evidence of any involvement on Henry’s part suggests that Wolsey may have been more than just a servant to Henry. Wolsey’s immense activity in financial policy corresponds with Henry’s desire for money to carry out foreign expeditions against the French. The Act of Resumption of 1515, the Subsidies of 1513-5 and 1523, the Forced Loan of 1523 all reduced his popularity, but managed to quench Henry’s desire for money. However, Wolsey was seen to go one step too far to please his master in 1525, in asking for the Amicable Grant, while the forced loan of 1523 was still being collected. The country reached a state of near-rebellion, and more serious disturbances occurred in London, East Anglia and Kent. It was at this stage when the relationship between Henry and Wolsey faced its first major attack, and Henry blamed the whole fiasco on Wolsey to save himself. Wolsey himself had largely been opposed to his attempts to raise extra revenue for the King, yet he had been acting as the King’s servant, doing his bidding. To Henry, Wolsey was to act as a scapegoat in situations wh ere things went wrong. The other area of domestic policy in which conflict arose between Henry and Wolsey was in the Eltham Ordinances of 1526. Wolsey had been struggling to eliminate those who may have influenced the King. In 1518, he had attempted to expel Henry’s ‘minions’ or ‘young favourites,’ but his ‘governmental reform’ as he called it, was reversed by Henry, indicating some tension, but more importantly indicating to Wolsey that he could not consider overpowering the King. It was in the Ordinances of 1526 that Wolsey again went too far. In another bout of governmental reform, he was able to reduce the number of ‘Gentlemen of the Privy Chamber’ from 12 to 6, and he removed enemies such as William Compton, the ‘groom of the stool.’ The resultant lack of advisors around Henry angered him, and he was well aware that Wolsey was the cause of his seclusion. Wolsey had emerged as a competent organiser during the 1512-3 French campaign, and also organised the peace with France in 1514, proving himself to Henry as effective in diplomacy as well. Clearly, Henry was a king who sought glory, and was full of dynastic ambition. He wanted England to be as influential in European affairs as it had been in the time of Henry V. His jealousy of his French rival, Francis I meant that he would be seeking alliances against his traditional opponent. Wolsey on the other hand was a man of humanist tendencies, sought glory in diplomacy through his desire to become the ‘peacemaker of Europe.’ The Venetian Ambassador at the time stated that â€Å"Nothing pleases him more than to be called the arbiter of the affairs of Christendom.† In 1516, Henry wanted to renew his campaign against the French alongside the new leader of Spain, Charles V, but Wolsey managed to convince him to join a coalition against French action in Italy instead. Henry clearly trusted Wolsey sufficiently to trust his advice in this are, indicating that he held more importance than that of just a servant. One aspect of Henry’s personal policy is also revealing at this stage as to his relationship with Wolsey. In 1518, Pope Leo X was expressing some concern as to the advance of the Ottoman Empire into Europe, and sent cardinals around Europe to organise a unification of Christendom against them. Henry used his desperation to his advantage, refusing entry to Cardinal Campeggio, the embassy, unless Wolsey was made ‘legate a latere’ (papal legate), to which the Pope agreed. In this action, Henry can be seen to have depended somewhat on Wolsey, as he was essential to Henry in maintaining some degree of control over the church in England. Wolsey, seeing an opportunity to fulfil his personal aims, took diplomatic control of the Pope’s mission, and turned it into an international peace conference of more than 20 countries in London. The resultant Treaty Of London was signed in October 1518, and served as a great achievement for Wolsey. It not only brought together the great powers of Europe in a ‘universal and perpetual peace,’ but also put England at the centre of European affairs. More importantly, Wolsey had not needed to compromise the wishes of his master to achieve his role of peacemaker, as the treaty also allowed England’s standing in Europe to improve, which was one of Henry’s major priorities. Wolsey carried out more diplomacy to serve the King two days later, in an Anglo-French treaty in which a marriage between the Dauphin and Henry’s daughter Princess Mary was proposed. Henry was getting his most important desires fulfilled, and foreign affairs seemed to be going exceptionally well for Henry and Wolsey, until the death of the Holy Roman Emperor Maximillian, which saw Charles V become the new emperor, and imminent conflict between the newly strengthened Charles and F rancis I, would see the destruction of the glorious Treaty of London. In 1520, Wolsey’s service to his King in foreign policy continued, and faced with both sides of the conflict courting the support of England, he organised the splendorous meeting between Francis and Henry at the Field of the Cloth of Gold, which would have seemed like the beginning of a grand peace between the two countries. However, Wolsey had to sacrifice his role as peacemaker to appease Henry’s desire to benefit from the inevitable war, and at the Treaty of Bruges in August 1521, Wolsey served the King’s cause further by providing the possibility that Charles may marry the 8 yr old Princess Mary who Henry desperately wanted to marry off. The war itself provided no real success for England, and only further marginalized England as a minor power in Europe. Against Wolsey’s desire, Henry wanted to fight on during 1523, and Wolsey was obliged to carry out his duty, in the way that any ‘servant’ would, and England only met further wartime embar rassment. Despite Henry’s hopes of campaigning in 1524, Wolsey managed to convince Henry otherwise, and in the following year, Wolsey took the bold step of instigating a peace with France, and the Treaty of the More was signed in August 1525, and now, a force to face the might of Charles had begun. Wolsey began to slip back into his comfortable role as peacemaker, orchestrating the League of Cognac between France and the Papal States (Wolsey made England abstain from joining, so that England remained peaceful). Another Wolsey-organised treaty was made in April 1527 between France and England in the Treaty of Westminster, which declared perpetual Anglo-French peace, promised Francis’ second son to Princess Mary and threatened Charles with war if he didn’t join the peace. England was back at the forefront of English politics, thanks to Wolsey’s redemption from Henry’s war failures. However, this grew inconsequential, and just as Wolsey done what Henry wanted in foreign affairs, Henry’s desire for divorce grew urgent. Wolsey could reasonably expect to stay in power as long as he kept carrying out the King’s wishes, and despite his unpopularity and court faction working against him, it is clear that his inability to get Henry his divorce led to his downfall. Henry’s new love Anne Boleyn managed to convince Henry that Wolsey had no use any more – he couldn’t get a divorce and he hadn’t secured the King’s succession. In general, his ‘service’ was no longer required, and historian John Guy concludes that â€Å"Wolsey was destroyed because he had become a liability in the eyes of the king and was expendable. This has fundamental implications for reassessing his relationship with Henry.† Guy is correct is saying that this sheds new light on the nature of the relationship between the two men, and suddenly, Henry’s regard for Wolsey as a ‘loving friend’ became trivial. This essay has been able to establish that the majority of Wolsey’s policy was executed in service to the King. Wolsey may have acted for his own interest in certain areas such as the church and social reform, but this was only because of Henry’s lack on interest in the fields, and the trust that he placed in Wolsey’s service. I am therefore able to conclude that theoretically, Wolsey was the ‘King’s Servant.’ However, I say theoretically, because although Wolsey was a servant to Henry in his actions, the image created by the word seems to extreme for Wolsey. I believe that the relationship between Henry and Wolsey was strong and full of friendship when Wolsey did what was required of him. In reality, everyone in the kingdom was a servant to the King, and many people wanted to serve him more to gain more influence. In light of this, although he was a servant, it appears to me that the word ‘servant’ underestimates the immense of power that he had, despite the fact that the power was given to him by the King, and many other more complimentary words can be used to describe the importance of Wolsey to the King. Nevertheless Wolsey, as a minister, remained a servant to Henry throughout his time in power, and devoted the majority of his policy to the King’s service.

All the World’s a Stage, the Dramaturgy

All The World’s a stage â€Å"All the world's a stage, And all the men and women merely players. They have their exits and their entrances; And one man in his time plays many parts† Shakespeare. Although Shakespeare wasn’t a sociologist, I think this quote profoundly sounds like Ervine Goffman’s ideas of dramaturgy and impression management. I agree with both Shakespeare and Ervine. We all have a part to play in this world and we do play it. To me Ervine Goffman’s ideas about self and dramaturgy are the most applicable social ideas in my own life.He believed we do something called impression management. I have actually noticed myself using impression management every day. I have also noticed that in sociology we really need to understand face to face interactions of individuals to understand a society as a whole. He also believed in a concept called symbolic interactionism. He believed that social interactions are what make someone who they are. I b elieve that to understand his ideas better it is imperative that you know a little about him. Goffman was born June 11, 1922(Blackwood, 2011) to a Jewish Ukrainian couple in Canada.Initially, he received his bachelors in sociology at the University of Toronto. Then he went to the University of Chicago to achieve his masters and doctorate. Chicago was the center for many micro-sociologists and symbolic interationists like Goffman. His ideas must have made him fit right in with all the other sociologists studying at University of Chicago. He also studied a year in Shetland and wrote a book called The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. This is where he refers to the theory of us always being onstage. He then went to Berkley to teach about Sociology and Anthropology (which he also studied).Goffman also went onto to write about his ideas of total institution (the sociology term for somewhere completely blocked off from normal society). He wrote many books over his life time and he re mained a very important man in the sociology world. He ended his writing career going back to address more evidence that we are all performers, he ended on the same note he started on. He passed on November 19th, 1982. ((Blackwood, 2011) Micro-Sociology is the study of a small group of people to understand how society works as a whole.Ervine Goffman advocated this idea and used face-to-face interactions as a basis to understand sociology. I believe that this is a very true idea because without individuals there is no society. I also believe that how we act as individuals is what makes a society how it is. For example as individuals we actually enjoy conflict when the conflicts involves others. In high school I remember that everyone always wanted to stop in the hallway to watch people fight. On a larger scale society watches reality Television shows like â€Å"Bad girls Club† just to see these conflicts.Everything we do individually affects us as a society. Another thing that Goffman believed in was how society is what makes us who we are, this is called social interactionism. Yes we make up society but in turn society molds us to who we are as well. For example a child is born completely without morals and values. These things are taught to the child by family and ultimately society. The child is taught killing is deviant and unacceptable. It is also taught that being overweight is a concrete stigma for females of society. Therefore if the child is a girl they will constantly want to be skinny, even at a young age.My Humanities professor was talking about how his 8 year old daughter was called fat the other day in school. Now the young girl will not eat very much. This not something we are born with, these are learned values that society teaches. I have my own personal experience with social interactionism. My whole life society has shaped me to be who I am. It’s almost like a very subtle, yet powerful, form of peer pressure. For example I think that if it weren’t for the fact that society teaches that you should treat strangers with absolute respect I think I would have had a lot more conflicts with them.Society teaches us to not get as angry with strangers as we do with our own friends and family members. Another thing Goffman believed was an idea called dramaturgy. Dramaturgy is the idea that we all act around people as if we were actors on a stage. He believed that the only time we acted as our true selves was when we are backstage and no one else is around to see us. I believe this is true of everyone in society. Of course there are those who have to act because it’s their job. Politicians, lawyers, servers, parents these people have to put up a facade so that others reactions server their purpose.Not all of this acting is used for selfish purposes though. For example a parent doesn’t want their child to be scared so in a crisis they might smile and tell them everything is going to be all right, e ven if they know it’s not going to be alright. The final point I agreed with Goffman on was an idea called impression management. Impression management is similar to dramaturgy however it is how we are all the time. I use impression management every day. For example I am a server and I have to come off a certain way for my guests to like me or I won’t make any money.I have to smile even when I’m stressed and I have to use a completely different voice when addressing my guest than I would use with anyone else. I also have to pretend I like things on the menu I have not even tried. In conclusion, I agree with Goffman’s theories on dramaturgy, impression management, micro-sociology, and symbolic interactionism. I concur with the fact that society shapes you to be who you are, it has definitely made me who I am. I also think that looking at how individuals interact with each other is imperative in finding out how society works.You cannot understand the big pi cture without first looking at the small details. Impression management is a very important part of my life because it’s how I make a living. Finally dramaturgy is something we all do every day. We are actors on the stage of Society Citations 1. Blackwood, B. D. (2011, July 06). Blackwood. org. Retrieved from http://www. blackwood. org/Erving. htm 2. Travers, A. (1997). Reviewing sociology. Retrieved from http://www. reading. ac. uk/RevSoc/archive/volume10/number1/10-1e. htm

High Mortality Rate - Bostwana Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

High Mortality Rate - Bostwana - Essay Example Geographical location Botswana is a country located in southern Africa. It is a landlocked country as it is surrounded by four countries which hinder its access to large water bodies such as the Atlantic and Indian Ocean. Botswana covers approximately 224,607 square miles. It is located inside the geographical location of the Kalahari Desert. Approximately 73% of the country is a desert as only the eastern portion of the country fall outside Kalahari Desert. The country experiences a semi arid type of climate which consists of warm winters and very hot summers. The topography of Botswana is made up of flat and rolling land. Population The country is scarcely populated because of the large portion covered by the Kalahari Desert. It is made up of a population of 2,003,910 people. The total population of male gender in the country sums up to 1,006,531 while that of the female gender is 997,379. The age structure of the country indicates that the there is low life expectance rate in the nation. Children of age between 0-14 years make up 33.5% of the total population. Young people between the ages of 15-24 years make up 21.9% of the total population. ... Death rate is estimated at 12 per a population of 1000 people. Life expectance in Botswana is highly affected by the high rate of HIV/AIDS infection in the country. The harsh desert conditions have also played a role in the current population radar. Infant mortality is another factor that affects the growth in population of Botswana. The total infant mortality rate in the country is estimated at 10.49 deaths per 1000 live births. The male gender takes the larger potion of infant mortality rate as it is estimated at 11.03 deaths per 1000 live births while the female gender is estimated at 9.94deaths per 1000 births. This analysis shows that the life expectance of Botswana is highly attributed to health practices and health services in the country. AIDS is the major course of death in the country. It was declared a national disaster 2003 after Botswana registered the highest rate of HIV/AIDS victims in Africa. These aspects portray the level of poverty in the country thus leading to po or social amenities and the ability to create public awareness. There are four major ethnic groups that sum ups the total population of Botswana. This include: the Twsana, Kalanga, Basarwa and Kgalagardi. Tswana is the most famous and important tribe in Botswana as it makes 79% of the total population of people in the country. The tribes are rich in culture thus partake cultural activities seriously (Horowitz, 2011). According to the culture of most of the tribes in Botswana, natural home birth is considered the best form of child delivery. This promotes the rate of infant mortality cases in the country as the method is prone to dangerous errors. Child delivery process needs the modern medical facilities to ensure a higher percentage chance of survival for the infant as well as

Core competency questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Core competency questions - Essay Example The most challenging experience concerned my friend, who thought that his sexual orientation is not normal. This challenge was solved through giving him appropriate counseling, and making him understand that millions of homosexuals are happy with their sexual orientation. Perseverance is important because it ensures awareness on a national problem is adequately created. For example, fundraising awareness and project for the organizations taking care of children with disabilities. The fundraising campaign was a success due to the folk music group which raised money through performances in charity events. The fundraising awareness was a success due to proper management of the campaign. My leadership practices entailed leading my group members through examples, by working hard in meeting the campaign targets. The idea of raising money through folk song performances was most effective for the campaign, because my family members always sung folk songs at home. The most challenging part of the fundraising campaign entailed keeping the folk dance group focused during rehearsals. This challenge was overcome through motivating the group members by reminding them of our ultimate aim of providing finances to the disabled children. A challenging situation occurred when a college had an accident at the workplace. The situation was difficult because she fell down the stairs and hurt her knee. I responded to this situation by immediately making her comfortable, and then taking her to the health facility. The reaction was effective because, the patient got medical attention in time. The most important consideration during the accident was proper emergency planning. This involved conducting first aid to monitor seriousness of the accident and the timely arrangement of transport to the hospital. The challenging experience during the accident is that I was tired already from the day’s work. I overcome this

INTERNATIONAL STUDIES IN BUSINESS Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 12

INTERNATIONAL STUDIES IN BUSINESS - Assignment Example By allowing trade with other countries consumers locally can get a wider variety of products or services to choose from. Such healthy competition is a double win for the consumer as it also can lead to reduction in prices as corporations fight out for market-share. A wise man once said that no man is an island. This wise man could well have been talking about countries. The world has grown to a point where it is a global village and nations quite literally depend on each other. Take airbus industry for example which has airplane parts manufactured in factories all across Europe and then brought to France for final assembly. This is only possible because of the conducive trade environment provided by the European Union. The middle east provides the world with most fuel, Europe and America build machinery while Africa and south America provide food. Without free trade, the world would, quite literally, stagnate. Two thumbs up to the World Trade Organization for its gallant efforts in ensuring all barriers to trade are effectively removed. I cannot agree more with my classmate on this matter. As I have pointed out in my arguments, free trade bears more good than harm for our world. On your part, you have pointed out one more benefit that international trade has for the world : assisting developing countries. Free trade allows poor nations access to resources they cannot manufacture on their own and also is a source of income for them through foreign

Saudi Arabian Press Coverage of the Events in Bahrain Essay

Saudi Arabian Press Coverage of the Events in Bahrain - Essay Example I also wish to pay my sincere regards to Dr. Chris Paterson, who opened his door and mind for me. Moreover, I gratefully acknowledge the support of Mr. Turki Abdullah Al Sideri, as he stood with me throughout the MA degree program, and very special thanks go to Al Saud University for providing me with this wonderful opportunity. I am also extremely grateful to the staff members, friends, colleagues and all others who supported, taught and helped me in the research and in learning the language, both at Sheffield University and Leeds University. A great deal of love, loyalty, and thanks go to the government of my country for providing me with this amazing opportunity to complete the MA program. Last, but certainly not least, I would like to thank my father, mother, brothers, and sisters for their overwhelming support. This research paper investigates the performance of the Saudi Arabian press during the events in Bahrain between 14 February and 16 March 2011. It analyses the content of the press in Saudi Arabia with respect to the number of stories related to the Bahrain conflict and the theme and tone of these stories. Content analysis of the two leading Saudi Arabian newspapers, Alriyadh and Alyaum, was carried out by employing a constructed week approach for the entire period of the conflict. The results of this content analysis revealed that the coverage of the events in Bahrain by the Saudi Press was, to a great extent, dependent on the Saudi Press Agency (SPA), because of the constraints imposed on the press in the Kingdom by the Saudi Arabian information policy. The news related to Bahrain mostly appeared to be positive in tone and tended to support the agenda and interests of the government of Saudi Arabia with regards the political and democratic position of Bahrain, particularly when it involved the status of the Shiahs in the country.  

The Mexican American War (Polk's War) Research Paper

The Mexican American War (Polk's War) - Research Paper Example They also had an ambitious desire on the Mexican lands in the West and this brought conflicts which later led to the eruption of the Mexican-American war. This war was very important to the United States for land expansion; they wanted to expand their territories by acquiring huge masses of land from Mexicans. Many people lost their lives during this war. It is estimated that, around 30,000 lives were lost during the conflicts.1 The Mexican-American war was a very short war but it left behind long lasting effects that are always remembered up to date. Causes of the Mexican-American war The Mexican-American war had several causes, some major and others minor, here are some of them: The Annexation of Texas The major cause of the Mexican-American war was the annexation of Texas. The root of the conflicts that led to the eruption of the Mexican-American war is traced back to the time Texas got its independence. The outcome of the revolution was the annexation of Texas into the United Sta tes. Primarily, Mexico had promised to wage war against the U.S. if they were to manage annexing Texas and when Texas broke up from Mexico, they stopped regarding it as an independent city but as a corrupted city2. Mexicans had believed that the annexation of Texas called for war. ... The Westward movement of the U.S. citizens to the Mexican territory The United States citizens were relentlessly searching for land for farming and also to sell to the incoming farmers. Through their search, they found that Texas had easily accessible and available land for farming and so they started moving into the lands. Mexicans made an effort to stop them; nevertheless, they still moved into Texas and started to undermine the Texans and Mexican government’s authority. They farther went ahead to disobey the set Mexican laws and regulations especially the anti slavery laws. Due to these misbehaviors, the Mexican law makers and officials started disapproving the U.S. citizens and this led to the escalation of the Mexican-American war. The Ideal Manifest Destiny This was an American ideal whereby the United States was to extend its territories from coast to coast as one huge nation. Through the ideal manifest destiny, many U.S. citizens were able to advance as citizens into t he west of the Mexican territory. They travelled across Mexico searching for economic gain that is why they infested the Mexican’s lands. This can be seen where the United States forcefully desired to acquire California to serve as an economic base for them and in order to establish markets. This led to the Mexican-American war because the Mexicans did not want to let go off California and wanted to fight against their invasion into their lands. Actions of the presidents in office at that time The presidents in office during the time of the tension between the Mexicans and the Americans provoked the war. Their motions highly contributed to the war. For example, President

CAMUFLAGED EMOTIONS. STOICISM IN THE MILITARY Essay

CAMUFLAGED EMOTIONS. STOICISM IN THE MILITARY - Essay Example Many writers have discussed about the threat and terror of war and many writings have been published with war as the main theme. Men have been fighting each other since they began to live in communities. The terror of war still continues: Kuwait, Kosovo, Afghanistan, Lebanon, Iraq, Somalia and many other examples could be cited out from different parts of the world. Though wars are fought between nations, they are carried out between the military forces that fight like faceless entities. The continuous fighting and the military life had tremendous effects on the soldiers, causing radical changes in them. Many have been commented about stoicism. The words of the famous British historian and philosopher Bertrand Russell (1872-1970) provides a clear picture of stoicism when he says: â€Å"sick and yet happy, in peril and yet happy, dying and yet happy, in exile and happy, in disgrace and happy.† (Russell). It is generally viewed that stoics exhibit happiness and sadness together and it speaks of one’s uninteresting mentality. The camouflaged emotions always haunt them and they are really suffocated under the forcible working conditions. They are tended to be hard and rough, influenced by these circumstances. Many factors play significant roles in leading soldiers to stoicism. But it is not possible for one to reach in the assertion that it is the stoicism that turns the soldiers to be rough and coarse. Stoicism sometimes turns out to be favorable with the soldiers when it is regarded with their ability of endurance and loyalty in matters connected with their nation’s freedom. Generally, soldiers are denied the right to make decisions regarding matters in connection with country; instead, those decisions are vested in civil officials like the president or congress, who are to an extent failure in handling the matters. Military has always been formed with a fixed frame

The holocaust Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The holocaust - Essay Example She was so compassionate that she had to direct all her motherly love to Hitler. On the other hand, Hitler’s father was a drunkard, harsh and ruthless man who would turn physical whenever he was slightly provoked. Many psychoanalysts claim that the attributes of his father played an important major role in shaping the personality of Hitler in his adult life. Based on the Adlerian theory an individual’s personality is developed through a creative and active process that is not dependent on hereditary or environmental factors. The traits that a person eventually shapes a person are mainly from the life experiences that he/she has faced. The close inclination of Hitler to his father served to influence him to assimilate a number of traits that later came to shape his character and personality. For instance, Hitler’s dad was very revengeful this made Hitler develop a sense of inferiority and fear towards him as a result of his harshness (Bauer and Keren). Parental brutality is a crucial factor that led Hitler to develop an aggressive personality, given the fact that his dad was so autocratic and commandeering it resulted in Hitler growing an introvert kind of character whereby he was antisocial and ready to prove himself to his peers to overcome his inabilities. Consequently, Hitler at his tender age had a dysfunctional anal character that made it difficult to interact with other people within his environment. The very character is responsible for the destructive and narcissism behavior that he later developed in life. However, the dysfunction on its own would not have culminated to the evil character of Hitler had it not been the harsh parental environment that he was exposed. Hitler appreciated the role and approval of masses, and this marked an important phase of his youthful years. The vengeful character that had been indoctrinated in him by his father was the principal force

Problem statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Problem statement - Essay Example This problem will guide the research study in understanding the situation of the students, especially with regards to the different semesters of their Bachelor’s degree. In addition, the organization of the research study will have to incorporate the students’ input and requires their cooperation, especially in order to match the different semesters in their degree course to different degrees of motivation. These problems, therefore, requires that the study investigates a group of students over different semesters in their school years. The research question for this study will be; what is the degree of motivation for nursing students across different semesters of their Bachelor’s degree course? Twenty students will be chosen at random from each year of the nursing course, which will make sixty students, and they will be studies across the three semesters of their school year. The research methodology will be a quantitative one with data collected using questionnaires that have a scale of 0 to 10, which will range from not motivated at all to highly motivated, respectively. The data will then be stored in a computer-based database for further Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, or SPSS, analysis. The independent variable for this study will be the degree of motivation that the students, while the dependent variable will be the different semesters that the students attend during the course of their school year. For this study, the non-directional hypothesis will be that there is a significant difference in the motivation of nursing students during different semesters of their degree course. The directional hypothesis will be that motivation of nursing students score more highly during the first semester and during the last semester. The reason these hypotheses were reached is that, it is expected that motivation of nursing

Work life balance “Don’t be fired by your family” Essay Example for Free

Work life balance â€Å"Don’t be fired by your family† Essay Best practice has shown that â€Å"both employees and employers can benefit when staff are able to adapt flexible work practices thereby enabling them to better manage their work and family responsibilities† (UQ, 2007, p. 1). In the end result this could increase employees productivity. â€Å"Supervisors have an important role in developing and maintaining a family-friendly work environment† (UQ, 2007, p. 1). â€Å"A supervisor could help creating this environment by flexibly organizing work arrangements and workloads taking into consideration certain factors such as night lecturing, summer schools, acting as a role model demonstrating understanding and acceptance of work family balance, and take a positive approach to negotiating flexible arrangements† (UQ, 2007, p. 1-2). 3. 2 Teleworking is good for business and employees Teleworking is another practice resulted in improving productivity. According to Business Legal Reports (2006), †teleworking has some benefits such as: relocation cost savings, increased productivity by reducing employees absentee, reduced costs for office space, and employee satisfaction† (p. 7). So, when supervisors consider benefiting from telework, they won’t only provide an improved work-life balance for the employee, but also they will get improved business performance for the employer. 3. 3 Other best practices 3. 3. 1 Concern for employee community (Employee Care Program and Employee Relations Program). This practice proved that it could reduce employees’ turnover. This kind of program â€Å"monitors how people are doing in their jobs and in their lives, offers rewards, gifts, annual picnic and holiday, flexible scheduling and telecommuting, and medical coverage. † 3. 3. 2 Encourage employees to take their vacations This practice is important to enable employees to relax enough to avoid stress, anxiety, emotional problems, job burnout in order to let employees perform at their optimum level. 3. 3. 3 Consumer-driven health care Textron, Inc is an example company that adopted this practice. The company â€Å"consolidated employee healthcare options and shifted to consumer-driven healthcare. This resulted in increased productivity, a significant decline in healthcare costs, and decrease in the casual absentee rates and the incidence of disability leave. † (Business Legal Reports, 2007b, p. 3) 2. Conducting Performance appraisals â€Å"Monitoring staff performance is a key for any supervisor. It should be part of on-going discussions with staff and volunteers about their work and the results obtained. † (Mathew, M. , 2007) According to Hays, S. W.(2004), â€Å"an immense amount of energy has recently been devoted to upgrading the quality of performance appraisals by tying them to organizational missions and goals. † (p. 262) 2. 1 Best practices for evaluation? According to Hays, S. W. (2004), best practices concerning evaluation showed that â€Å"HR experts agree that evaluations ought to (a) be based on objective and observable criteria, (b) involve mutual goal setting, (c) avoid the tendency to assess irrelevant worker traits, and (d) be tailored to each individual job and worker (rather than using one form for every employee). † 4. 2 360-Degree performance management feedback system According to Business Legal Reports (2006), â€Å"this system, which solicits feedback from boss, peers and direct reports if there are any, has been increasingly embraced as the best of all available methods for collecting performance feedback. † (p. 4) â€Å"The 360 process allows for multiple points of view to be given on any given individual. It neutralizes what might otherwise be one rater’s bias (either positive or negative) and helps to paint a more comprehensive picture of that individual’s performance. † (p. 4) 4. 3 Other best practices Hays, S. W. (2004) also mentioned other best practices in conducting performance appraisals such as: â€Å"Employee Performance Management System (EPMS), 360-degree evaluation, Team-based evaluations, and Gainsharing. † (p. 262) 5 Resolving Conflict According to Vogel, A. (2007), â€Å"unproductive workplace conflict arises when appropriate communication breaks down. The result is wasted work time; a drop in motivation, productivity and quality of service; employee attrition; loss of authority; a stressful work environment; and even direct damage to the company. † 5. 1 The best approach to avoid â€Å"The best approach to workplace conflict is to avoid unproductive quarreling altogether. And suggested four strategies –mentioned by Daniel Dana- for eliminating strife: (1) address conflict early, (2) avoid a one-sided solution, (3) take risks such as apologizing, (4) respect others’ peace-making gestures. † (Vogel, A. , 2007) 5. 2 Guidelines for managing the situation. Vogel, A, (2007) mentioned some guidelines to help managing scuffles before they escalate into real crisis such as: mediating conflict between two employees, decide to mediate, hold preliminary meetings, conduct a three-way meeting, work out a deal, self-mediation, step outside your office, listen first, and finally manage diverging viewpoints. † 6 Improving Employee Relations 6. 1 Create a newsletter One practice to improve employee relations is to create a newsletter that works for employee communications either a printed one or an electronic one (by e-mail or on the website). 6. 2 Build a forum on your website or intranet This forum will provide an informal communication channel for employees to share their ideas, events or even their problems 6. 3 Create shared events Being a supervisor you could make some events shared even if you turn the routine group tasks into fun shared events. For example CMP Technology made the spring-cleaning records become an event. â€Å"Employees worked together in teams and competed to win a dinner for the team and discarded 12 tons of unnecessary paper in the process. † (Business Legal Reports, 2007a2) III. Conclusion. The main conclusion is that best practices can -for sure- help supervisors and enhance the way they deal with their responsibilities with employees by adopting approaches, techniques, and policies to create a positive, creative, and supportive work environment. Another conclusion is that information technology has an important role in providing effective HR practices. Finally, supervisors should be a model themselves for their employees in order to make a real change. References Bjomberg, L. (2002). Training and development: Best practices. Public Personnel Management. Winter 2002.International Public Management Association for Human Resources Survey. Retrieved April 16, 2008 from http://www. entrepreneur. com/tradejournals/article/160542388_1. html Business Legal Reports, Inc. (2006). Top 10 Best Practices in HR Management for 2008. United States of America: Business Legal Reports, Inc. Business Legal Reports (2007a1). 10 Tips for HR to Boost Intranet Efficiency. Best Practices in HR. (838), pp. 1-2 Business Legal Reports (2007a2). ‘Bin There, Dump That’-Spring Cleaning Recors Becomes Event at CMP Technology. Best Practices in HR. (838), pp. 3 Business Legal Reports (2007b). Case study: Move to consumer-driven healthcare decreases costs, improves employee health. Best Practices in Compensation Benefits. (734), pp. 3 Collins, R. Druten, K. V. (2003). Survey of Australian and New Zealand Human Resource Practices, CCH and AGSM. Retrieved April 16, 2008 from http://www2. agsm. edu. au/agsm/web. nsf/AttachmentsByTitle/CCHREPORT2003/$FILE/CCH+Final+2003. pdf Hays, S. W. (2004). Trends and Best Practices in State and Local Human Resource Management: Lessons to be learned? Review of Public Administration, 24(3), pp. 256-275, SAGE Publications. Retrieved April 16, 2008 from http://rop.sagepub. com/cgi/content/abstract/24/3/256 Mathew, M. (2007). Best Practices Module: Human resources management. British Columbia Museum Association. Retrieved April 16, 2008 from http://www. museumsassn. bc. ca/Images/Best%20Practices%20Modules%202/Human%20Resource%20Management%20FINAL. pdf Orsini, B. (2000). Improving Internal Communications. Internal Auditor. December 2000. Retrieved April 16, 2008 from http://findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m4153/is_6_57/ai_69759744/pg_1 Rubin, L. Merripen, C. (2003). IGDA Business Committee: Best practices in Human Resources. IGDA. Retrieved April 16, 2008 from.

How Effective Are Drip Irrigation Systems

How Effective Are Drip Irrigation Systems The article evaluates the efficiency, effectiveness, social, economic and environmental impacts of the drip irrigation system. The drip irrigation system has the potential to increase the agricultural productivity and also to reduce water usage required for irrigation. It is a system of pipes and tubing located under the soil. Water is passed through these pipes which end at near the roots of the plants. This makes the water loss minimal. Initial stage is designing the system and its installation follows it. The article states the advantages and disadvantages of the system and also cites evidence with regard to the social, economic and environmental aspects. Poverty is one of the primary concerns the world faces in its road to development. Eradication of poverty tends to be the prime aims of governments worldwide. Lack of proper nutrition is a major cause contributing to poverty. Improving agricultural standards can help in producing more food and thus counter the lack of food factor. One way to improve agricultural standards is to develop the irrigation methods used. Irrigation is closely related to poverty. Irrigation benefits the poor through higher production, higher yields, low risk of crop failure and higher and year round farm and non-farm employment. Irrigation leads to high value market oriented agricultural production [1]. However, in developing countries like India, the agricultural sector is heavily dependent on the south-west monsoons. In view of the rising temperatures worldwide due to global warming and changes of weather patterns associated with it, dependence on rains is not always a possible solution. Failure of proper rains can cripple the agricultural sector which can lead to an overall rise in poverty. Thus efficient methods of irrigation need to be developed. The drip irrigation system is one such method of irrigation that is being utilised. Drip irrigation is water saving, efficient and effective watering system .The article focuses on the different aspects of the drip irrigation system, its contribution in poverty alleviation and the social economic and environmental impacts of this technology. Subsurface drip irrigation or SDI is another way of terming a drip irrigation system. As stated by C. Shock, drip irrigation is the slow even application of low-pressure water to soil and plants using plastic tubing placed near the plantsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ root zone [8]. Water is supplied to the soil at very low rates from the system of the plastic tubing pipes which are fitted with emitters at the ends. Therefore loss of water through evaporation, water run-off and percolation is minimized to a great extent. Also water contact with the stems, leaves and fruits of the plant is reduced which helps in prevention of formation of disease on the plant. Since the tubing is buried under the soil, it is less at risk of damage due to weeding and cultivation activities. Designing a subsurface drip system requires an experienced qualified designer. As G. Harris has stated, proper hydraulic design is the initial step in installing a successful SDI system [5]. This will ensure that the system effectively deals with the constraints imposed by the crop and soil characteristics, field size, topography, water supply and shape. The system must be capable of meeting the crop water need during the peak water demand times. A block or zone, which is the portion of the field that can be watered at the same time, is determined by the characteristics of the drip tubing selected. The optimal tube spacing is determined by the soil characteristics and the depth of tube placement. If the installations are too deep it will restrict the availability of surface applied nutrients limits the effectiveness of the system for crop germination. Adequate flushing velocities must be allowed for in the design to remove sediments from the emitters. This helps to prevent the SDI sy stem from getting clogged and increases the systemà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s life. Following the designing comes the installation part of the SDI system. Proper installation ensures that the system performs optimally and it also determines the life of the system. Installation is done in sites which have not been cropped recently as insect activity or weedy areas could destroy the pipes within days of installation [6].Initially location of the tubing is marked out. A subsoiler can be used or if more accurate positioning is needed, GPS can also be used. Specialized injectors are available for installation of the SDI pipes. The power and water source limitations are to be considered during the installation of the system. Filters are also used which helps in removing particles and keeps the emitters from getting clogged. The major feature of this system that makes it highly desirable is that the water use efficiency will be better compared to other systems or methods of irrigation. Evidence put forward by C.R. Camp show that drip irrigation systems implemented in Virginia require 30% less water compared to sprinkler irrigation for cultivating corn [3]. For cotton, the water usage was reduced significantly by 40%. Implementation of the system in Hawaii helped the farmers to get a greater yield than when using sprinkler irrigation system [4]. Additional advantages include: Drip irrigation systems are suited to farms having uneven topography or soil texture. Precise application of nutrients is possible. Timely application of herbicides, insecticides and fungicides is possible. The drip irrigation system can be automated. Irrigation can be carried out day and night regardless of the wind, daylight availability or other cultivation activities [7]. The SDI system can be used for fertilizing. Nutrients can be supplied in a sustained way, and regulated in rate and composition, according to the crop requirements [7]. The hydraulics help in easy water control the number of points provides excellent uniformity of supply. There are a number of disadvantages for the drip irrigation system. Initial investment is quite high for this system. Root development is limited and hence resulting in root rot and dust problems [7]. The emitters can get clogged frequently and cleaning it is a costly and time consuming process. Accumulation of salts might occur at the interface between the wet and dry zones of the soil. It is generally accepted that irrigation can transform society as well as land and landscapes. Drip irrigation has brought about a number of positive and negative social impacts. It helps in alleviating poverty in irrigated areas, minimizes the differential distribution of benefits across farmers and increases the social benefits [7]. The positive effect it has brought on the demographics of the Waitaki valley has helped arrest the population decline [9]. The additional population would not only strengthen the social structure and networks but also increase economic growth. Thus services such as health and education would become more viable. On the other hand, automated drip irrigation systems tend to require less labour and in low wage economies, where job opportunities lag behind growth in labour force owing to rise in population, reducing hired labour can be socially problematic [10]. This leads to further unemployment. Considering the economic aspects, drip irrigation systems have helped farmers to attain better profits due to higher yield. Farmers can conserve water more and also increase the productivity of their farms. The yield of cotton increased by 21% in Dalby and Moree while in Lucerne, yield improvement was between 13-34% [5]. The profits obtained in tomato cultivation in California were about 867 to 1493 dollars more [12]. Water usage was reduced by 45% for corn cultivation in the Great Plains in USA [13]. In spite of all these a major hindrance in the implementation of the system is the high initial cost. Designing and installation requires qualified people and moreover the cost and time for maintenance of the system is also on the higher side. However in the long run farmers can make up for the high initial costs with the higher amount of yield they obtain. The drip irrigation helps in improving the soil surface and the environment. It allows pre treated coalbed methane waters to flow into the root zone of an agricultural field which minimized environmental impacts by storing detrimental salts in the vadose zone [11]. It reduces off-farm movements of fertilizers and pollutants and improves the water use efficiency of irrigated agriculture [3]. It offers potential for increased water and nitrate fertilizer efficiency and decreases ground water contamination by NO3 [14]. The certain negative traits that the system has on the environment are that root rot may occur and levels of salinity rises. Root development is affected leading to insufficient protection against lack of water and poor root anchorage [7]. Overall, the drip irrigation system is an effective way of irrigation. It saves on water usage and allows farmers to increase their farm output. The increased outputs helps counter the rise in food demand and helps the poorer sections of the society with more food at cheaper prices. Evidence presented in the article show the increased crop yield. Even thought the technology comes at a higher price, the effects of implementing it will be long lasting and positive.

Imprisonment In This Way For The Gas English Literature Essay

Imprisonment In This Way For The Gas English Literature Essay Imprisonment: it can take many forms, traditional imprisonment in a penitentiary, a non literal form of feeling imprisoned by being impoverished, and the literal form, a concentration camp. But the form that is quite misunderstood and undertaken is imprisonment in literature. Imprisonment in literature can evolve and stem out so many different ways. You could describe the life of a concentration camp victim, to a young boy trapped by his parents in his home, or a young man living up in trees. This form of imprisonment is the most understated form of seeing imprisonment, although many works of literature show us how their characters are imprisoned. Its ironic how a man sitting in a prison will read a novel, or collection of short stories, who might not be in the same situation as him, but understand what is going on to him, that imprisoned protagonist. Tadeusz Borowski and Italo Calvino have masterfully incorporated and portrayed the motif and theme of imprisonment into their works Th is Way For The Gas, Ladies and Gentlemen and Baron In The Trees respectively, along with enticing and detailed diction, their works make for great literature. This Way for the Gas, Ladies and Gentleman, is written by a Polish Holocaust survivor Tadeusz Borowski, and is the title piece and first story of his collection of short stories. Borowski was not one of the Jews, but a poet who suffered from depression. For this reason, the Nazis had sufficient reason to detain him at Auschwitz and Dachau because he was considered a political prisoner. Borowskis views toward his fellow prisoners and the Nazis were fairly different than normally seen by concentration camp survivors, mainly because he was not Jewish. According to Karen Bernarda, it wasnt that Borowskis viewed his incarceration in any more positive terms than the Jews with who he was imprisoned with, but he does not seem to be able to separate the prisoners and the Nazis into villains and victims. In the story, This Way For The Gas, Ladies and Gentlemen, the narrator Tadek, has become a member of a group called Canada, which was responsible for rummaging through the Jews individual belo ngings in search of any hidden treasures they can save. Tadek, however, does in fact know that most or all these people coming off the trains are going to be sent to the gas chambers, and yet decides not tell them this. During this time, however, Tadek feels profound indignity about his job, but he also believes the Jews are the ones responsible for their imprisonment in the concentration camps, and also feels it was the despondent Jews who have destined him to feel ashamed of himself. Borowski says, [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] I am furious, simply furious with these people-furious because I must be here because of them. I feel no pity. I am not sorry theyre going to the gas chamber. Damn them all! I could throw myself at them, beat them with my fists.(Borowski 116) The unfair argument that Tadek is trying to show is that even the concentration camp prisoners who worked for the Nazis suffered as much as the Jews did, even though they were a*llowed to survive. Bu*t they were also forced to wo*rk for the Nazis which was, for Borowski, even more dehumanizing than being allowed to die. Imprisoned workers were forced to carry dead Jews to the crematorium, as well as witness countless other sickening and despicable acts. Not only is Tadek imprisoned physically, he is imprisoned mentally as well. Just the sheer fact that someone is running your life, and not letting you make your own decisions or choices, makes you feel as though you are an imprisoned slave. If you were not mentally capable of taking this into consideration it was very unlikely that you would have survived in the Holocaust. It took a great deal of mental and physical strength to get through the imprisonment techniques of the Nazi regime. Set in the peaceful valley of Ombrosa during the period of intellectual and social ferment, Italo Calvinos The Baron in the Trees relates the story of Cosimo Piovasco di Rondà ², along with Cosimos brother Biagio, whom is the narrator, provides the history and long standing tension of their family. Cosimos father, Baron Arminio, married the General of the War of Succession, Corradina. The Baron, who is half-mad with a malicious streak, seems to abuse his children continuously; and while Corradina is fighting in the war on horseback it eventually causes the children to run wild, become crazy, and ultimately not listen to their father. One day, when the Baron invites the Courts of France to lunch at noon, Battista arrives with her new French cuisine meal, snails. When Arminio forces Cosimo to eat the snails, it comes apparent to Cosimo and the reader that he can no longer handle his fathers abuse and yelling. Fleeing from the table and storming out of the house, Cosimo uses his abilit y to climb up a live oak tree in the backyard. In contrast to This Way for the Gas, Ladies and Gentleman, Cosimo escaped the imprisonment and harsh antics of his father in order to live a better life. However, Cosimo was entering into another imprisoned lifestyle, one in the trees. Being that Cosimo is imprisoned in the trees, he is deprived of the items, pleasures, and opportunities that lie just beneath him on the ground, This would lead one to the thought that your choice will trap you, whether it be an existential choice or not. Your choice will lead to a different path, a path that has an unpredictable future. Maybe an imprisoned lifestyle is just inevitable. Maybe with every decision you make you are entering more and more into the imprisonment of your own life. Unknowing what will happen in the future, Cosimo jumps out of the trees and into the hot air balloon, he now becomes imprisoned within that hot air balloon for an unknown amount of time. According to Jessica Page Morrell, Whatever your themes-abandonment, loneliness, lawlessness, justice, the dangers of seduction-the setting can enhance these concepts. In This Way for the Gas, Ladies and Gentleman, Tadeusz Borowski provides the grotesque, inhumane, setting of the Holocaust in order to provide a dual insight to the life of the Jewish and non-Jewish prisoners in the concentration camps. Borowski gives us a brief idea of how isolated these camps were, and how he himself was isolated. Morrell states that geography and weather are used most often as devices for isolation, and being that these concentration camps were so far from any type of civilization it is an excellent setting and place for the short stories. Right away Borowski starts his first short story with, All of us walk around naked. The delousing is finally over, and our striped suits are back from the tanks of Cyclone B solution [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] the heat is unbearable. The camp has been sealed off tight (Bor owski 29). This is a prime example of how setting enhanced the theme of imprisonment all while showing the inhumane and unethical practices used by the Nazis. The setting of Baron In The Trees is unvaried throughout the novel, but the main setting would be in the trees. From the trees, Cosimo explained to his brother, he could see the earth more visibly. Free from the dull routine of an earthbound existence, the Baron had fantastic adventures with pirates, women and spies, and still had time to read, and study. Cosimos imprisonment, was not bad at all times, he got to enjoy some of the pleasure that people on the ground have the honor of doing. The setting of Baron In The Trees not only enhances the theme of the novel, but it also develops a sense of place that plays an interactive aspect of the fictional novel that saturates mood and meaning all while making the reader rely on visual and sensory references (Morrell 171). According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary imprisonment means, to put in or as if in prison; confine, and literature means imaginative or creative writing. When put together, the ideas are implausible; the author takes the reader into a whole other world. This Way For The Gas, Ladies and Gentelmen and Baron in The Trees, are two excellent works of literature which portray the imprisonment of their respective characters exquisitely. Word Count: 1,454

Bless Me, Ultima by Rudolfo Anaya Essay -- Bless Me Ultima Rudolfo Ana

"Bless Me, Ultima" by Rudolfo Anaya Children believe what their parents tell them but as they get older they start to question that which used to be unquestionable. Bless Me, Ultima is a novel by Rudolfo Anaya about a young Chicano boy, Antonio Juan Marez y Luna, who is growing up and seeing the world for how cruel it really is. A wise old curandera, or faith healer, Ultima, arrives just before Tony receives his first glimpse into the world of men. Ultima gives Tony spiritual healing throughout the book, as well as advice to keep him in harmony with nature and his spirit. The more Tony sees of death in the little town of Guadalupe, New Mexico, the more he questions the Christian God and turns towards the golden carp, a pagan god of the river. Rudolfo Anaya is indicating that each man must choose his own religion and destiny, by depicting the changes Tony feels after the deaths of Lupito, Narciso and Florence. Beforehand, Tony never questioned his faith but as each person died Tony turned farther and farther away from C atholicism and eventually even away from the pagan religion. Tony questioned his destiny and effectiveness as a priest, had doubts of the Catholic God and eventually of everything he had ever believed in, as Anaya shows that one strict religion isn?t always the right way or the only way. The first step in Tony?s spiritual journey is when he questions his family?s long-standing belief in the Catholic religion and his own destiny to follow their dreams of him becoming a priest. Tony doubts his abilities as a priest, even though he is not one, because his mother dreams for him to become a priest. Subsequently, he believes that he should have been able to save Lupito?s soul from wandering the river, because he will one day be required to. Whereas, ?A priest could have saved Lupito.'; (23), Tony feels guilty that he wasn?t able to fulfill his duty even though it wasn?t his. This shows that the destiny at first laid out by Catholicism may not be the one that is best suited to Tony. By not saving Lupito or his soul, the town Tony lives in is no longer pure in his eyes. The river is the lifeline of the town and once it is stained then the town will also be tainted with the murder of Lupito. Tony asks, ?How would I ever wash away the stain of blood from the sweet waters of my river!'; (23), and in doing so also questions why God puts such obstac... ...l and harsh, or that the golden carp could not have saved Florence even though the river was its home, in spite of the fact that his parents and friends believed deeply in these powers and still put all their faith in them. Ultima, it seems, is all that is left to believe in, because she has always been truthful, and protective. The vengeance that Tony wants on Tenorio is God?s alone; however, with a new religion following in Ultima?s practices Tony could punish Tenorio if he was still alive, and have vengeance for the deaths of his friends and not be punished for it because Tony would only be killing a witch. All humans must change and because they must, the world they live in, including their religions, must change with them or be lost in time. The Catholic religion failed to change into what Tony needed, and so did the pagan religion, so he stopped belieiving in them; however he saw Ultima?s religion as a new unchartered way that he could create himself. At the end of Tony?s s piritual journey he finds himself lost in a world that is prophesied to end and without a true belief in anything. Works Cited: Anaya, Rudolfo. Bless Me, Ultima, New York: Warner Books, Inc., 1972.

Classical Period of Music Essay -- essays research papers

The Spirit of the Classical Era : The Classical Era saw the convergence of two opposing schools of thought in society. The first was the leftover from the Baroque Era, which said that the nobility had absolute power of society. The second was from the middle class, who said that the nobility had gone too far with their power and should give some of their power over to the middle class. The result of this was many opportunities for composers. Not only could they have theirtraditional occupations as servents to various noblemen who served as their patrons, but they could also make a fair living performing their work at public concerts, an innovation of the time. This uprising from the bourgeousie was happening all around the world. The American and French Revolution showed that the little people of the world were not going to stand for being trampled underfoot and the Industrial Revolution allowed for a power transfer from the nobility to the middle class, who controlled the mines and factories. Thinkers of the Classical Era despised complexity and detail. They preferred beauty in simplicity and form. The Classical Era represented a throwback to ancient Rome and Greece. The String Quartet: The string quartet represents one of the first musical forms that could be described as chamber music. In this style of music, the composer deals with a small group of instruments and the emphasis is on the blend and interplay between the players. A string quartet usually consists ... Classical Period of Music Essay -- essays research papers The Spirit of the Classical Era : The Classical Era saw the convergence of two opposing schools of thought in society. The first was the leftover from the Baroque Era, which said that the nobility had absolute power of society. The second was from the middle class, who said that the nobility had gone too far with their power and should give some of their power over to the middle class. The result of this was many opportunities for composers. Not only could they have theirtraditional occupations as servents to various noblemen who served as their patrons, but they could also make a fair living performing their work at public concerts, an innovation of the time. This uprising from the bourgeousie was happening all around the world. The American and French Revolution showed that the little people of the world were not going to stand for being trampled underfoot and the Industrial Revolution allowed for a power transfer from the nobility to the middle class, who controlled the mines and factories. Thinkers of the Classical Era despised complexity and detail. They preferred beauty in simplicity and form. The Classical Era represented a throwback to ancient Rome and Greece. The String Quartet: The string quartet represents one of the first musical forms that could be described as chamber music. In this style of music, the composer deals with a small group of instruments and the emphasis is on the blend and interplay between the players. A string quartet usually consists ...

A University Student Budget Sheet :: Papers

A University Student Budget Sheet In this assignment I will be consulting a university student’s Budget schedule I will be offering the student advice on how to solve problems when in dept by offering an student loan, grants etc. I will be referring to the budget schedule to what areas the student can cut sort on to cover the other costs mostly needed to be covered. UNIVERSITY STUDENT BUDGET SCHEDULE Mouthly Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Total INCOME DESCRIPTION University Student (Grant)  £142  £142  £142  £142  £570 Interest and dividends  £0  £0  £0  £0  £0 Savings  £150  £0  £0  £0  £150 TOTAL INCOME  £292  £142  £142  £142  £720 EXPENSE DESCRIPTION Beauty shop and barber  £5  £0  £5  £0  £10 Cable TV  £15  £0  £15  £0  £30 Clothing  £50  £0  £50  £0  £100 Credit card payments  £25  £0  £25  £0  £50 Electricity  £50  £0  £0  £0  £50 Entertainment and recreation  £25  £25  £25  £25  £100 Gas company  £50  £0  £0  £0  £50 Gifts  £15  £0  £0  £15  £30 Groceries and outside meals  £15  £0  £0  £0  £15 Household  £15  £10  £10  £5  £50 Laundry and dry-cleaning  £3.

Expert Systems and Artificial Intelligence

Expert Systems are computer programs that are derived from a branch of computer science research called Artificial Intelligence (AI). AI's scientific goal is to understand intelligence by building computer programs that exhibit intelligent behavior. It is concerned with the concepts and methods of symbolic inference, or reasoning, by a computer, and how the knowledge used to make those inferences will be represented inside the machine. Of course, the term intelligence covers many cognitive skills, including the ability to solve problems, learn, and understand language; AI addresses all of those. But most progress to date in AI has been made in the area of problem solving — concepts and methods for building programs that reason about problems rather than calculate a solution. AI programs that achieve expert-level competence in solving problems in task areas by bringing to bear a body of knowledge about specific tasks are called knowledge-based or expert systems. Often, the term expert systems is reserved for programs whose knowledge base contains the knowledge used by human experts, in contrast to knowledge gathered from textbooks or non-experts. More often than not, the two terms, expert systems (ES) and knowledge-based systems (KBS), are used synonymously. Taken together, they represent the most widespread type of AI application. The area of human intellectual endeavor to be captured in an expert system is called the task domain. Task refers to some goal-oriented, problem-solving activity. Domain refers to the area within which the task is being performed. Typical tasks are diagnosis, planning, scheduling, configuration and design. An example of a task domain is aircraft crew scheduling, discussed in Chapter 2. Building an expert system is known as knowledge engineering and its practitioners are called knowledge engineers. The knowledge engineer must make sure that the computer has all the knowledge needed to solve a problem. The knowledge engineer must choose one or more forms in which to represent the required knowledge as symbol patterns in the memory of the computer — that is, he (or she) must choose a knowledge representation. He must also ensure that the computer can use the knowledge efficiently by selecting from a handful of reasoning methods. The practice of knowledge engineering is described later. We first describe the components of expert systems. The Building Blocks of Expert Systems Every expert system consists of two principal parts: the knowledge base; and the reasoning, or inference, engine. The knowledge base of expert systems contains both factual and heuristic knowledge. Factual knowledge is that knowledge of the task domain that is widely shared, typically found in textbooks or journals, and commonly agreed upon by those knowledgeable in the particular field. Heuristic knowledge is the less rigorous, more experiential, more judgmental knowledge of performance. In contrast to factual knowledge, heuristic knowledge is rarely discussed, and is largely individualistic. It is the knowledge of good practice, good judgment, and plausible reasoning in the field. It is the knowledge that underlies the â€Å"art of good guessing. † Knowledge representation formalizes and organizes the knowledge. One widely used representation is the production rule, or simply rule. A rule consists of an IF part and a THEN part (also called a condition and an action). The IF part lists a set of conditions in some logical combination. The piece of knowledge represented by the production rule is relevant to the line of reasoning being developed if the IF part of the rule is satisfied; consequently, the THEN part can be concluded, or its problem-solving action taken. Expert systems whose knowledge is represented in rule form are called rule-based systems. Another widely used representation, called the unit (also known as frame, schema, or list structure) is based upon a more passive view of knowledge. The unit is an assemblage of associated symbolic knowledge about an entity to be represented. Typically, a unit consists of a list of properties of the entity and associated values for those properties. Since every task domain consists of many entities that stand in various relations, the properties can also be used to specify relations, and the values of these properties are the names of other units that are linked according to the relations. One unit can also represent knowledge that is a â€Å"special case† of another unit, or some units can be â€Å"parts of† another unit. The problem-solving model, or paradigm, organizes and controls the steps taken to solve the problem. One common but powerful paradigm involves chaining of IF-THEN rules to form a line of reasoning. If the chaining starts from a set of conditions and moves toward some conclusion, the method is called forward chaining. If the conclusion is known (for example, a goal to be achieved) but the path to that conclusion is not known, then reasoning backwards is called for, and the method is backward chaining. These problem-solving methods are built into program modules called inference engines or inference procedures that manipulate and use knowledge in the knowledge base to form a line of reasoning. The knowledge base an expert uses is what he learned at school, from colleagues, and from years of experience. Presumably the more experience he has, the larger his store of knowledge. Knowledge allows him to interpret the information in his databases to advantage in diagnosis, design, and analysis. Though an expert system consists primarily of a knowledge base and an inference engine, a couple of other features are worth mentioning: reasoning with uncertainty, and explanation of the line of reasoning. Knowledge is almost always incomplete and uncertain. To deal with uncertain knowledge, a rule may have associated with it a confidence factor or a weight. The set of methods for using uncertain knowledge in combination with uncertain data in the reasoning process is called reasoning with uncertainty. An important subclass of methods for reasoning with uncertainty is called â€Å"fuzzy logic,† and the systems that use them are known as â€Å"fuzzy systems. † Because an expert system uses uncertain or heuristic knowledge (as we humans do) its credibility is often in question (as is the case with humans). When an answer to a problem is questionable, we tend to want to know the rationale. If the rationale seems plausible, we tend to believe the answer. So it is with expert systems. Most expert systems have the ability to answer questions of the form: â€Å"Why is the answer X? † Explanations can be generated by tracing the line of reasoning used by the inference engine (Feigenbaum, McCorduck et al. 1988). The most important ingredient in any expert system is knowledge. The power of expert systems resides in the specific, high-quality knowledge they contain about task domains. AI researchers will continue to explore and add to the current repertoire of knowledge representation and reasoning methods. But in knowledge resides the power. Because of the importance of knowledge in expert systems and because the current knowledge acquisition method is slow and tedious, much of the future of expert systems depends on breaking the knowledge acquisition bottleneck and in codifying and representing a large knowledge infrastructure.

Comparing to Gospels: Mark & John

Claudia Corbetta April 5, 2013 THE-307 The word of honor is a collection of texts considered sacred in Christianity. Separated in many a(prenominal) sections, the rule book includes quadruple evangel singing singing by 4 antithetical formers that grade stories, miracles, parables, pedagogics and stories verbalise the world on savior livelihood. The credo singing singings be named after the cardinal apostils Mark, Matthew, Luke and John. individu all toldy church doctrine has similarities and differences in many aspects, besides they all read a plebeian end they all tell the paper of savior of Naz atomic number 18th.The Gospel of Mark is order towards gentile Christians, because he has to explain Semitic terms that Christians might not understand. It shows that the informant is unfamiliar with the geography and is unfamiliar with Judaic customs. This gospel is also the earliest oneness create verbally and narrates the Ministry of delivery boy, includ ing the baptism all the way to deliverer death and resurrection. Mark doesnt establish any information about his life before the baptism or his genealogy, it simply says that he came out of Galilee, similar to Johns gospel that mentions he is of Galilean origin.Throughout Marks gospel, deliverer is named the password of Man (MK 228). Referring him as and agent of immortal that volition cut across out all evil and Israel will be in power. There ar two types of gospels written. There is the noble Christology and the low Christology or also named Christology from in a higher place and below. Between attach gospel and Johns gospel they are both written in two types of ways. Marks gospel is considered to be a synoptic gospel with a low Christology. This means that the gospel writers begin with the earthly Jesus where his theological system is revealed.The gospel shows has examples of Jesus be forgiving and shows emotions that he might feel and mistakes that he might make. An example of this is when Jesus is meliorate the blind, his humanity is shown here because he tries doubly to heal the blind instead of being able to heal him twice (MK 822-26). It also means that the life of Jesus of Nazareth is described more through the gospel for example the offset when the unknown author speaks about the baptism, a human indication that Jesus has In those days Jesus came from Nazareth in Galilee and was baptized by the Jordan in John.As soon he came out of the water, he saw the heavens being fall in and the Spirit desc determination to him like a dove. And a voice came from heaven You are My beloved son, I take rape in you. (MK 19-11). Johns gospel on the other fade is more of a high Christology. A high Christology or a Christology from to a higher place starts with the heavenly Christ who descends to Earth and is plate among us In the beginning was the news, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. He was in the beginning with God, and through him were all things made. (JN1 1-3).This means that God is everything, and that on that point was never a condemnation that he existed. He was the beginning and because of him everything was created. as well as saying the beginning of the world began with him. In this example, the gospel doesnt begin with the baptism as mentioned before it begins with the creation of God onto the world. Also, a Christology from above shows more of the divinity of Jesus rather than the humanity of Jesus. Throughout tag gospel, Jesus of Nazareth is described as a great teacher and emphasizes the suffering christ because his community is suffering.Jesus is also a best-selling(predicate) teacher but they are fearful of his power. An example of this is MK 61-6, where he is teaching all of his people but they are doubting him and wondering where he got all this information from, but at the homogeneous time when he heals the people marveled because of their uncertainty. The feeding of the five tho usand appears in both Johns gospel and Marks gospel (JN 61-14, MK 630-44). The fact that this level is in both gospels shows that Marks gospel has miracles as well as Johns and that in both gospels there is a al-Qaida of compassion towards the people.When the accounting is told in Mark, it is mentioned that the miracles was make by Jesus compassion for the advertize and concern that they might faint without food returning home (MK 634-44). The story shows Jesus supernaturally providing for his followers. In John, he says that this is the work of God (MK 629). The close of both Mark and Johns gospel are different. In Marks Gospel there are two stops MK 161-8 and MK 169-20. The first ending shows an go off tomb and the divine messengers plot of ground the second ending is a overnight ending and the people that saw the empty tomb leave and dont say anything.Johns gospels ending is different in JN 3030-31 And many other signs truly did Jesus in the presence of his disciples, which are not written in this book But these are written, that ye might believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God and that believing ye might have life through his name. As mentioned before, because Johns gospel is a Christology from above, there are no feelings shown especially at the end, it shows more the divinity fudge of Jesus of Nazareth. As you may notice, steady though there are four gospels in the New Testament, there are differences and similarities in all of them.Not whole their authors but the way it was written, the literary devices and the stories that were told. However, if you jell both John and Mark together, even though they were written at different times, there is still the completion of the story of Jesus of Nazareth, and if you put all four of them together, the story is more complete than lonesome(prenominal) having two of the gospels. Many might nor full believe them because there might be some discrepancies between them, but as mentioned before they all have a common end they all tell the story of Jesus of Nazareth.

Coke Zero Essay

Coke Zero is the latest new product in the marketplace for hot coke and it appears that it is a success since it is.Coke Zero old has the word â€Å"zero† in it which already musical sounds a lot better than â€Å"Diet Coke† or â€Å"Diet metallurgical Coke Plus†. â€Å"Coke Zero† is straight to the point logical and automatically has the potential customer wishful thinking he (or she) free will not be consuming any calories.2. Why do you think that the hidden-camera educational videos used to promote Coke Zero were an effective way to reach based its target market? Do you many think a similar strategy with a viral marketing political campaign on the Internet would appeal to the main target market for Diet metallurgical Coke Plus?I think the hidden cameras were a good idea, but not completely original.Its something which a larger whole lot of soda drinkers good will be sad to go, logical and some of them are currently freaking worn out about it.Coke No Sugar, because the title implies, what does not include any sugar.

Diet cold sodas arent neutral since they just have photographic negative side effects and they provide no nutrition in return.Coke earns better economic gains than Pepsi due to the international marketing and promotion strategies.Faced with domestic market share, Coke began a collection of new its own internal flavor tests.Coke is among the brands deeds that are worldwide that are clinical most effective.

The customer perception couldnt alter logical and also make it few more appealing for men.Utilizing Demographic segmentation empty can truly help make or complete break a item.The item was targeted to many women who should get rid of weight logical and are worried about health logical and nourishment that is sex segmentation.The important distinction is the way they taste, due to the recipes.

Discuss Some of the Challenges Facing International Students in Higher Education Essay

As a emergence f exclusively of supranational learners who causal agent to halt a save didactics lambskin or unfold their horizons, has been increase, it is a good deal the depicted object that they would font unlike ch every last(predicate)enges conviction figure overseas. The of import breast add that they energize to catch is schoolman training that bes of strangeness, discrimination and desegregation (Teekens, 200617, cited in Hyland, 2008). consort to Hyland et al (200829), to ameliorate the property of melloweder(prenominal) reproduction non simply the singular requisites to endeavor, scarce overly the departmental and institutional effort would be indispensable.This try go forth pull up s stupefys en extensive that the master(prenominal) ciphers of abroad students who find out for least(prenominal) unrivaled family import in schoolmanianian tuition challenges, be conforming to a advanced educational clays judgem ents and nerve oratory just now environss, past bequeath interpret viable re answers, for example, gift ample centering from enrolled universities, revolutionising spoken chat aw be see in lessen these difficulties. The premier(prenominal) chief(prenominal) doer that today causes acquisition challenges is that abroad students would probably slope divers(prenominal) methods of pass judgmentment. close postgraduate students craving their abroad journeys were the corresponding as backward photographic plate (Pointon, 2009, cited in The laid-backer(prenominal) development Academy, 2012). However,for those students who receive in well-nigh youthful(prenominal) educational systems, police squad projects, institutions would belong the barriers they stomach to confront. for the outgrowth clock time of all police squad-based schooling appears to be much strange and alter to these students because it non b atomic do 18ly depends upon schoolman competence, alone to a fault has to be germane(predicate) to their abilities of communication and coordination. throng work drive out be veritable(a) to a greater extent(prenominal) than than(prenominal)(prenominal) disagreeable because a smooth student is efficaciously excluded, whether voluntarily or non. It is too something that more transnational students feel non really encountered forward (Sovic,2008). Subsequently, preferably an an a arrive of im temporal students calculate to be foreign with presentations as well. jibe to (Sovic,2008153), debar for compulsion of group work sometimes, to articulate their opinions via presentations global students who whitethorn be saucily concur to be confidently confronted with classmates who would check over early(a) ethnic perspectives.These uninformed judgment criterions would wide and substantially tint worldwide students, peculiarly at the set out of their schoolman journey. For example, presentations would be ofttimes charge in the first term, if the results reckon to be quite an low, they not sole(prenominal) nowadays continue those students boilers suit score, alone overly stir their emotions to some grade plane force thin their reliance and motif with regards to inveterate their studies abroad. The turn major factor which would be virtually all afield students,is the strain of foreign spoken delivery totally.Sovic(2008150)has present that for those students who be non-native speakers, flushtide if they put one over receiveed fair high IELTS(The external incline row taste System) try grades, vocabulary is pipe belt down singled out as the biggest obstructer for them to excogitate abroad. The important reason, which causes that they passed the strains yet could not adapt to the raw(a) phrase environment quickly, is that IELTS seems to be conflicting to the demands inside the universities. To father with, when foreign students arriving the destinations, the first problem they construct to spirit is local anesthetic accent. inquiry (Sovic, 2008151) describe that outside(a) students who are withal native-speakers dejection buoy hushed rescue epoch-making problems with prodigal and moody accents in flogs and tutorials. an some other(prenominal) flush which bothers some afield students specially at the first of study abroad is getting schoolman actors line, including discipline- special diction and pedantic expression. It is often overlooked, since students who obtained the call for dustup advance evermore erroneously believe that it is fitted to thoroughgoing(a) their studies (Arkoudis, 2008).These unthought barriers would be roiling for all overseas students to varying degree. It is noteworthy that world(prenominal) students essential give quite a large core of time and power on solvent wrangle erupts. In other word, they conduct to hack down th e time from attainment principal(prenominal) platforms, which would intimately venture them to concern curriculum familiarity and stir them looking at more stress. champion workable resoluteness to service of process overseas students to face donnish challenges is that enrolled universities need to process more efforts in the require global students faculty memberian journeys.patronage universities invariably propel students who commence been attendant sufferance to cabal pertinent experience virtually their courses, in that respect are a few(prenominal) students who could engineer comme il fautly. Zhai(2004101)discovered that faculty member issue hire to be the close hindrance for supranationalistististic students, and there are about 60% students whom recommended that their college should appropriate more pedantician focus. It is suggested that faculty member meet should be bidd to transnational students as briefly as possible , since Pedersen (1991) had exhibit that able guidance should be initiated before they arrive. concord to the factors mentioned above, enrolled universities whitethorn manoeuver an center of materials to international students via e-mail or eve material object, including intromission of new educational system, samples of presentation and team project, videos of lecture and tutorial. Moreover, for students of disparate disciplines, universities may provide more specific accentuate acquaintance or inevitable indicant list. Although these leave behind step-up universities operating(a) costs, it would be legal to friend international students chasten faculty member challenges. some other reply which seems to be quite con analyze is revolutionising diction security interrogatory. leeward (200923) claims that compared to other quarrel advised tests, IELTS is most efficacious and trusty interrogation to assess students not except vocabulary attainment just now overly donnish ability. However, although international students obtain the certifiable talking to rafts, it does not have in mind that they can successfully bury academician knowledge (Schmitt, 2005 Murray and OLoughlin, 2007 Arkoudis, 2008 Sovie, 2008), even the suit of committal to compose in IELTS seems to be earthly concern non-academic genres (Moore and Morton, 2005, cited in Hyland et al, 2008). cattle ranch (200283) report that amongst language progress and academic performance at university there is a irrefutable and authoritative, however rachitic relationship. Thus, in drift to bettor servicing high education, IELTS may be adjusted. Firstly, academic IELTS test could be divided up into trey categories that consist of liberal arts aspect, cognition and Engineering, complaisant Science. Secondly, increasing more academic topics in section1 and section2 of comprehend test could supplant a hefty number of living topics.Thirdly, the fictiti ous character of task2 in writing could agitate to mini-academic show. These adjustments could not only(prenominal) fall in the scores more priceless to be referred by universities, but also supporter and authorise international students to hoard more discipline-specific and academic knowledge which summit to decrease those academic difficulties later they arrive. In conclusion, as this essay has demonstrated, the of import factors which lead to academic instruction challenges are air travel of English speak only and distinguishable educational assessment system. feasible solution to these challenges including revolutionising language evidence test and providing adequate support from enrolled universities. It seems that revolutionizing language conscious test is most significant solution to assist and guide students at the source. In the future, change magnitude consciousness of academic challenges via researching and reportage as a firm could produce pertine nt departments circumspection to take military action on solution these problems.