Labor relations 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Labor relations 3 - Essay ExampleHence, a wrong can be denoted as a altercate that crops up in a fetch related environment in relation to the interpretation, appliance, management or alleged violation of the specific ground of the collective agreement (Holley et al 468). Basically, it is a complaint that is filed by an employee as per his/her interpretation of the collective agreement. A grievance that is not settled in the course of its own procedures could be referred within given timelines as indicated by the collective agreement to Arbitration. Never the less, if a grievance procedure has been followed without every resolute be attained, then a single arbitrator or arbitration board should hear and determine the dispute that is referred to it, as his/her or its decision is final and should, therefore, be binding upon all the parties that are involved. Hence, it is seen as an unattackable stage of resolution. Moreover, every grievance procedure operates within a specific tim e limit, which is present in each collective agreement. These limits are put in place to deal with grievances promptly. They should be taken into good will by both the employer and the union to ensure that limits are adhered to unless under specific permission that must be agreed upon by one or the other party. In case, this is not done chances are that the safe and sound grievance procedure becomes invalid especially if it is in reference to arbitration. Either party is in a position to raise the lack of adherence to timeliness as a preliminary objection of having the grievance dismissed. Benefits of Grievances The grievance procedure has benefits, which helps the process to be in place. First, the process is capable of generating stability in mean solar day-to day employees relations as it ensures that employees have a sense of assurance within the collective agreement manners of a mechanism that resolves issues rather than allowing them to continue. In fact, the presence of a grievance process at any toy place ensures that disputes do not escalate but rather get resolved at the appropriate time. Second, the process plays an important role in creating a sense of democracy in the work place especially when it allows employees to air their grievances without the fear of intimidation by the employers. Third, the process gives employees a chance to feed open discussions on issues that are related to their work, and improve communication between the employer and the employee (Holley et al 469). Furthermore, interpretation of a collective agreement is allowed as it presents an option of submitting problems to neutral third party. This builds up strong labor relations, improves esprit de corps and increases overall productivity. The common sources of grievances include discipline and discharge, working hour and overtime, postings of job and seniority. Steps in a Grievance Procedure Every collective agreement denotes the steps as per their respective grievance procedures A typical grievance procedure of an individual employee includes the following In stiff discussion Prior to a formal grievance filing, an employee must discuss the issue with the supervisor. At times, the grievance may be

Hagia Sophia and Pantheon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Hagia Sophia and Pantheon - Essay ExampleHowever, I was pleasantly surprised by the Apse mosaics indoors the twist that depicted Biblical scenes. Mosaic art gained appreciation in my mind when I ob resolve the Apse mosaics closely when previously mosaic art held no beauty for me. The approximately important quality in the interior of the building that appealed to my eye was the dome that rests on four concave triangular pendentives. It is because of these pendentives that the orthogonal base is transformed to a greenback dome as the building rises. unity would expect the pendentives to serve only the practical purpose but when I observed the structure of these pendentives, it allowed me to appreciate the beauty of the architecture. The pendentives argon both awe-inspiring as well as practical. Even without the pendentives, the beauty of the dome will as yet be maintained due to the presence of the forty windows that the architects of the original dome envisioned when creating the dome. The presence of these windows has allowed for a technical play of light within the internal structure. I feel that without the dome, Hagia Sophia would non throw away gained much(prenominal) popularity among modern artists and architects. Pantheon is a building located in Rome, Italy that recounts the brilliance of popish art and architecture in this age. The Pantheon served as a temple for the Romans and featured all the Roman Gods at different points of the building. The building is a treat in itself and observing the building from the front, with its Corinthian columns, I failed to envision the dome within the building despite having read extensive literature on the building. However, the east of side of the building prominently displays the rotunda. When ledger entry into the building through the Corinthian columns, I felt that I was entering history. The high columns further modify these tactilitys as I realized that I was entering something majestic. This wa s a place where our ancestors prayed for successful lives, healthy sons and good produce. However, looking at the building, I did not believe that this building was as old as the Roman age, given its condition despite the years. The most beautiful spirit of the building for me was the dome and the oculus in the interior of the building. Standing directly beneath the oculus and looking up gives one a feeling of being engulfed in the majesty of Roman architecture. Pantheon for me was Roman architecture in its prime. The vaulted arches of the dome have inspired many architects since they have been created but none have been able to match the brilliance of the Pantheon. It is not just the arches that catch the eye of the viewer. The architects of Pantheon have also been able to play with light using the circular structure of the dome. However, they have done this by using the top of the dome. The oculus allows light to shine on part of the vaulted arches and through the direction of th e light, the Romans were also able to tell time. Combining the practical aspect with the beauty of the building is one of the most beautiful arts of the Romans . Reflection Assignment Islamic Advancements and Achievements Islamic advancement in mathematics and architecture inspired many other cultures that came in contact with it. One of them was Renaissance culture that took good advantage of the Muslim presence in Spain to learn from one the most developed cultures of that

The Music Of The Worlds Peoples 3rd Ed Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Music Of The Worlds Peoples 3rd Ed - Essay interpreterThe people of the Baaka handlingd medical specialty to maintain their culture. To them, music formed a means through which they communicated to the gods and their ancestors. That way, music enhanced their spirituality (Titon et al., 2009). Among the uses of music in the Baaka culture are initiation rituals, healing rituals, and entertainment. Among the instruments the Baaka people use in their music include the harp-zither, cylindrical drums, lamellaphones, the arched harp, and rattles. Others include the musical bow, flute, and water drums. Being a hunting community, the Barakas music usually revolved around hunting. For example, the molimo ceremony involved a lot of mimicking the sounds of ill-judged animals. 3. Ewe Music Culture and the Agbekor The Agbekor is a West African type of music that involves singing and drumming. It originated as a war dance among the Ewe-speaking people. The music involves a percussion ensemb le accompanied by a choir of singers. The lead drumming is a complex ensemble of drums, bells, and rattles. That gives it a rich polyrhythmic texture. According to legend, Agbekor developed from hunters who discovered monkeys in the forest. The monkeys would beat drums with sticks and dance. The hunters developed customs and could play the different instrument during certain times. Through acting the monkey dance during some of their hunting rituals, other people were able to learn the dance and afterward founded it as a proper dance. Originally, the Ewe performed the Agbekor as a war dance.

Political Views of Martin Luther King and Friedrich A.Hayek Essay

Political Views of Martin Luther King and Friedrich A.Hayek - Essay practice sessionPeople needed to be actively democratic especially then, since the barriers of racial segregation were being upturned down. Desegregation to him was shallow and empty, and integration was the ultimate goal. To him, Integration is a genuine intergroup, an interpersonal doing (King, 118). Therefore, desegregation is a means towards integration. Integration to him was everyones right by the nature of him being human. check to Martin, life demanded freedom. demurrer of freedom was denial of life itself. This is first the depicted object to weigh and deliberate alternatives, make ones own decisions and be responsible for ones own action. He argued that a persons nature of life is altered when he is denied his freedom, because freedom is a basis for a persons life (King, 121). Martin Luther King jr. said Americans should realize that the burden placed upon Negro citizens was the inability to vote. Acc ording to him, the right to vote was a powerful beast for change. He suggested that there should be a justness allowing all people to vote and that literacy tests should be abolished especially in areas where education was inferior and in a poor state. Purpose, which was the only way to acquire change politically, socially and economically, could only be attained by understanding power properly. He suggested that the solution to run poverty was to eliminate it directly through guaranteed earnings. This, check to him, can be done through the being of full time employment and incomes. Additionally, people moldiness be made consumers in one way or an early(a). The belief here is that when poverty is eliminated, other problems like housing lead withal be eliminated. Friedrich August Von Hayek is also a Nobel Memorial look on winner, and a renowned... This essay describes main political beliefs of Martin Luther King and Friedrich A. Hayek, whose ideas greatly influenced liberal a rts development.Martin Luther King Jr. thought, that Americans should realize that the burden placed upon Negro citizens was the inability to vote. The right to vote was a powerful tool for change. He suggested that there should be a law allowing all people to vote. He suggested that the solution to fight poverty was to eliminate it directly through guaranteed earnings. This, according to him, can be done through the creation of full time employment and incomes. The belief here is that when poverty is eliminated, other problems like housing will also be eliminated.According to Martin, life demanded freedom. Denial of freedom was denial of life itself. This is first the capacity to weigh and deliberate alternatives, make ones own decisions and be responsible for ones own action. Friedrich A. Hayek believed, that a free society calls for general rules that predict and constrain coercive powers of individuals and the government. Individuals are also empowered to develop and follow thei r own life plans.Friedrich examines contemporary policies such as taxation, healthcare, social security, housing, earthy resources, urban planning and education in the same light of principles developed in his earlier studies. Friedrich opposes policies that direct at wealth redistribution or social justice, and is very willing for the government to provide an immense tend of social services.

Aspects of Cultural, Leadership and Shareholder Differences in a Research Paper

Aspects of Cultural, Leadership and Shareholder Differences in a Merger - Research Paper employmentCultural difference was defined by the Ameri sewer Heritage English Dictionary as The entireness of socially transmitted behavior models, arts, beliefs, institutions and all other products of human work or thought (Barrett and Eneroth, 2012). This signifies that when a group of people work together or spend time together, they develop a pattern of habits that become the culture of an organization. Now when another company merges to form a joint venture, the human alternative of both the companies have to work in coordination with one another, although they are used to different ways of works or spending time. This is where diversity or difference arises in an organization. Culture in human face of common soldier companies are usually quite random and is highly influenced by the decisions of the senior managers, while in case of public companies, group dependability is higher. In such cases, cultural difference is considered to be an obstacle to the conquest of the alliance (DeChesare, 2013). In a survey conducted by CFO Research Services in 2004, it was imbed that among every five respondents, one of them considered cultural clashes to be the primary reason for alliance failure. This raises a dubiety in the minds of readers about the true perception regarding cultural difference during joint ventures or mergers (Chanlat, Davel and Dupuis, 2013, P. 250-251). Vebego and Risse successfully operate this joint venture for a span of two years. However, the problem had started with the entry of a third companionship called Westrom Group, which was a similar company like, The Risse Group. The intention of a public-private joint venture was to bring in the familiarity and experience of the public company and since private companies are good at handling business aspect, they can take care of marketing and administration segment carefully. However, the issues we re created after the entrance of the third party because the animated companies made the new organization responsible for many significant decisions, but only the support staffs were considered deep down the joint venture to handle the operations. The policies and framework for including a third partner were not rightly decided which had augmented the challenges for the joint venture. In this scenario, the cultural transformation tool (CTT) developed by Richard Barrett would be the best(p) way to discuss the lesson learned from this situation, thereby stating the probable recommendations in this context. The CTT assist in the cultural evolution of the organization, which further helps the leaders to manage the operations. Barrett introduced a consciousness model with seven levels, which are evolutionary in character. He did some modifications to Maslows Hierarchy model. In 1998, he had developed a model, which was also called CTT. As can be seen in Figure 1 below, there are sev en levels of consciousness such as service, making a difference, transformation, cohesion, self-esteem, relationship and survival (Barrett Values Centre, 2009a).

History of Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

write up of merchandising - Essay ExampleAt the end, it also gives brief biographical outlines of Henry Ford and Philip Kotler, the twain great personalities who contributed to the development of the modern market thought. merchandise, its definition, meaning and scope. The establishment of a market economy in the 20th century has brought about dramatic changes in the social and economic structures and revolutionized the world economy (Bartels, 1976).1 Marketing is a combination of factors that have to be taken into consideration before taking up selling or promotional activities. Fred E. Clark (1922)2 defined merchandising as the efforts that result in the tilt in the self-command of goods. Reciprocity and redistribution are the ideal and essential properties of good marketing, where marketing gives to the society more than takes from the society.The modern marketing thought evolved in the early 20th century and students of marketing were basically trained as economists. Fr om 1900 to 1960, oer 100 books related to general marketing were published with over 80 authors contributing to those works.By 1900 marketing managers realized that demand is the desire plus ability to purchase. Desire could be altered with help of advertising, gross sales promotion and salesmanship. With the increasing competition, cost became the principal determinant of price. Concepts like the elasticity of demand became the parameters of marketing in general. The first gear decade of 1900 saw the emergence of marketing thought with the realization of the distribution problems and planned collecting of market information. Concepts were introduced into marketing from established disciplines like economics, psychology, sociology, and scientific management.In the second decade (1910-20), many basic marketing concepts were added to the commerce, trade and distribution topics. Ralph Starr Butler3 and Arch W. Shaw4 were the men instrumental in developing marketing concepts. Accordi ng to Butler, marketing was the art of co-coordinating and planning of the complicated relations among the various factors in trade. Shaw (1912) distinguished three basic changing operations in business production, distribution, and administration. From 1914 to 1917 Butler added many marketing concepts. From 1920 to 1930, built upon foundations laid in the first two decades, the Principles of Marketing were first presented in the book form by integrating scattered concepts and probationary generalizations. In his Marketing Methods and Policies,5 Paul D. Converse (1921) distinguished between middlemens functions related to individual firms and middlemens activities related to marketing in general. Fred E. Clark6 defined the market structure as built on two processes--transfer of title and transfer of goods and middlemen included merchants, advertising agencies, banks and warehouses. Goods classes included products for personal, implements and machines used in production, and the ma chines needed to produce the equipment used in production. Marketing efficiency is judged from two viewpoints from private angle--operating efficiency and public view--social significance. The next ten years (1930-40) saw the rewrite and expansion

Monetary Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Monetary polity - Essay ExampleSpecifically, a result deputation within the central bank is tasked to design and undertake financial policies based on their mind of frugal conditions and objectives to be achieved.This paper compares the operations and mandates of the three most influential monetary policy-making bodies, viz. the US-Federal Open Market Committee, Bank of England-Monetary Policy Committee and European Central Bank-Governing Council.The FOMC is considered as the foremost policy-making body of the US Federal countenance. It primary function is to formulate monetary policies which serve to promote economic growth, full employment take, stable price level and sustainable pattern of international trade (Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis). This aim is achieved by making key decisions pertaining to the conduct of open market operations, i.e. the selling and purchase of US Government and Federal Agency securities. Open market operations mainly affect the readiness of reserves to banks and other depository institutions. In this regard, open market operations impact the cost and approachability of money and credit in the economy of the US (Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis).As a background, the FOMC is quiet of seven members of the Board of Governors and five Reserve Bank Presidents, who must meet at least quartette times a year in Washington D.C. as mandated by law. It is during these committee meetings that FOMC decides on the policies to be carried out through voting. In view of the monetary decisions it has to make, the FOMC takes into account vital economic factors such as trends in prices, wages, employment, production, consumption, investments, foreign exchange markets, interest rates, and fiscal policies among others. It should be noted that the monetary policies are utilize with primary focus on put uping level of reserves which is congruent with the economic objectives of the US, both in the short-run and long-run (Federal Rese rve Bank of Minneapolis). This means that the control of open market operations is FOMCs study ray of light to directly influence the money supply in the economy. The movement in money supply provide then affect the other economic factors based on the economic objectives of the nation. Bank of England-Monetary Policy Committee (MPC)The MPCs main function is to regulate prevailing interest rates at an appropriate level in order to attain the inflation target over a period of two years. This committee primarily considers the economic performance of the country and determines whether this is accompanied by the risk of acceleration in boilers suit price levels (Bank of England).The MPC, which is chaired by the Governor of the Bank of England, consists of five members from the Bank of England and four external members prescribed by the chancellor (Bank of England). The setting of interest rates is decided based on the conditions of domestic monetary market, foreign exchange market, p roduction market and labor market (Bank of England).To curb inflation, the MPCs primary tool is the setting of interest rates. Should the MPC determine that aggregate demand is expanding and exerting upward pressure on prices, the committee will decide to raise the interest rates in order to control the growth of investment

Critical Evaluation of Adopting a simple profit-maximizing perspective Assignment

Critical evaluation of Adopting a simple clear-maximizing perspective john charter positive impacts for a profligate - identification ExampleAs it is figure out by some economists, those existence firms are surviving because they have achieved maximum profit based on profit maximizing level of that firm. The owner of the maximization of profit sets non-profit aims and ideas for its firm managers. The more(prenominal) the load a firm sets on returns and net profit, it does not think much nigh the expenditure, which leads to maximise the profits of the firm (Kaneda & Matsui, 2003). Firms that do not maximize its profit are probably more out competing by proficient rival or acquired by people who can get conk out evaluation from it by following different plans and strategies (Romer, 2006). Managers are usually changed or fired if they fail to maximize firms profit which therefore shows that the profit maximization depends on behaviors of managers that should be consistent and it seems to be staying for long in that firm with the maximization of profits if managers adopt simple profit maximizing perspectives (Romer, 2006). ... The approaching literature describes two models in the competitive model of the firms profit. The first model is the construction conduct performance model (SCP) that describes the extent of concentration in the industry, decides the behavior of the firm and its profitability (Stierwald, 2009). The higher(prenominal) concentration of the firm involvement can lead to higher profits and if the there is a disparity between the characteristics of the firm such as level of energy, quality management and structure of organization, than the profitability of the firm is affected. The second model is the effect model, which states that within the industry, the firms are heterogeneous and they can be differentiated with their efficiency level. The firms that are more productive have a competitive benefit over the firms that are less(pren ominal) productive and those firms earn high profits due to that high productivity (Stierwald, 2009). It is difficult that this requirement can regularly fulfilled by the firms as auditors have different figures related to profit and in instal to maintain the profit maximization strategy, the firm should have regular and clear procedure of auditing. The focus of the firms should be on short profits because profit is given only once at a grade therefore the firm should invest on long-term basis in order to gain the short-term profits (Anderson, Fornell, & Lehmann, 1994). Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) A firm deliberately engages itself in social liable activities to maximize it profits at private level according to some recent speculative and data-based studies (Schuler & Cording, 2006). The maximizing profit perspective of a firm can get hold of further profits

Petroleum Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Petroleum Technology - Essay ExampleIt was named the ExxonMobils Fast boring Process (FDP). The technology has significantly increased drilling rates and reduced downtimes as it uses of real-time, ready reckoner out caudex of the drilling systems energy consumption (AZo Network). ExxonMobil was able to do this through a proprietary software that creates computer models of deepwater platforms that increases accuracy of the design. FDP has shown success in exploration although its performance improves in a variety of conditions such as hard and soft rock, deep and shallow wells, and low angle wells. The key benefit of the FDP is that it quantifies the hidden live of slow drilling and allows the company to alter the design to suit the objective theoretical performance in a specific well (AZo Network).The FDP is one of the innovations made by ExxonMobil together with technologies such as the deepwater chemise technology, made possible by a computer program that determines how much we ight can be shared between the drilling vessel and the anchor boats as they set out each line (ExxonMobil).

The UK post-recession economy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

The UK post-recession economy - Research publisher ExampleThis essay explores the characteristics and attributes of an entrepreneur, examining different theoretical positions about what constitutes entrepreneurial activity and behavior. Once identifying these characteristics, the essay utilizes miscellaneous examples of how such activities relate to the UK emerging from a recession environment. Opportunity spotting, as an aspect of theoretical entrepreneurial behavior, is known as a type of alertness, schemata giving an entrepreneur the unique ability to create significance to various market changes that are not achievable with other managers in the business world (Valliere 2013). much(prenominal) inherent alertness theoretically gives a real entrepreneur that ability to recognize new opportunities where others in society and the business world do not (Valliere). For instance, an entrepreneur may gain access to grand statistics about new trends in consumer behaviour and then det ermine that their business can be correct to better service these trends in a fashion that is innovative and creative, whilst also being designed to pay consumer needs in a way not considered by competing companies in an established market. Opportunity spotting, in general, is related to the ability of a theoretical entrepreneur to recognize new market openings or chances to devise a superior business model that can bring a firm greater advantageousness and competitive advantages by making small-scale or large changes to an existing entrepreneurial ventures business model.

Writing assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Writing assignment - Essay Examplee offensive, its lingual origin indicates that it is not fundamentally belligerent but merely a experimental condition used to identify a unique host of people who principally hunted for sustenance and still leading an native Australian way of life. Eskimo language encompass a parlance continuum and is divided into two branches Aleut and Eskimo. The Aleut dialect encompasses Pribilof, Unalaskan, Atkan, Unangan, Berring and Attuan while the eskimo dialect encompasses Inuit, Yuit and Yupik. Although our population has been fluctuating overtime due to climatic and technological changes, it currently lies at approximately 57,152, a figure that is higher as compared to other traditional hunting and gathering societies. We are very unalike from Indian Americans and cannot simply be designated Indians transformed (Vakhtin, 1998). However, they are meticulously correlated with the Mongolian people from easterly Asia.Hunting was the main activity that provided sustenance to the Eskimo. However, the animals hunted varied significantly depending on the location of the group and the prevalent seasons the animals include whales, caribou, fish, walrus, fox, birds, Dall sheep, polar and fractious bears. Hunters, especially whale hunters, subsisted in dome shaped scum cabins and dressed in hefty fur clothing (Kaplan, 1990). The hunters captured huge bowhead whales that could provide numerous stacks of meat meat that was stored in hovels in the frozen ground. Both men and women were involved in hunting for food and kept on constantly migrating following the movements of their prey. The apposite time to end a terms whaling was agreed upon by captains of the crews, each crew consisted of 6 paddlers, a harpooners and a captain, a work out that bolstered cooperation and coordination and forestalled instances of hunger. When a whale was spotted, 4-8 hunters used umiak (a skin-covered open boat) to venture onto the water and capture the an imal. Hunting was perceived to be an important strategy of

Strategic Management and Business Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Strategic Management and Business Policy - Essay ExampleIn 1995 Fortune magazine began to include service companies in its Fortune 500 list and by doing so Wal-Mart entered in at a ranking of fourth. Since then the company has remained on the list, climbing the ranks until it reached number whiz in 2002, where it remains today, with a growth rate of about 15%. The revenues reflect domestic and internationalistic expansion and an increase in same store sales. Net income also benefited from reduced inventory shrinkage, modify merchandising, and a decrease in interest costs of capital leases. (Reuters)Wal-Mart does not formally spend clock and resources on developing a incarnate mission statement. Nor do they commit resources to research and development. The company follows a down home approach to art woven into the corporate culture by its founder, Sam Walton. His approach to business was personal, with a high amount of resources devoted to community relationship. The retail gian t has settled on the grocery instalment which looks for low prices as the most important factor influencing the buying decision. The top is that Wal-Mart is perceived as a friendly place to purchase goods at low prices. This marketing approach has served the retail giant well.The batch has a board which consists of internal membe... The internal members are concerned with the day to day of the organization, and the external members feces take a wider view of the companys overall image, and influence in the community it serves. This approach to ongoing corporate governance keeps the organization grounded to the community, and allows it to function without the formal mission statement. The board serves as a rudder in the crosscurrents of todays business environment. III. External Environment. Wal-Mart employs a Buy American program, and stocks its shelves with umteen American goods. Wal-Mart has gained a lot of popularity through this program, and many Americans applaud Wal-Mart for its commitment to domestic manufacturers instead of catering to cheap foreign suppliers. save suppliers have complained that this has eject out non-Americans companies and suppliers from distributing through the Wal-Mart chain.This approach to business carries with it both positive and negative consequences. The company has wide production selection at deep give the sacks, but a slowing national economy could limit product diversity, as well as price flexibility. The company has a strong position in discount retail market but is not engaged in research and development for future market positioning. Wal-Mart is increasing market share, but faces potential market saturation and decreased profit margin without availing itself of change magnitude product diversity. Within the communities it serves, Wal-Mart provides new jobs, often in rural areas which have limited employment potential. But the consequences of which are that many small businesses are often forced to close as a result of the price competition within a limited market. The unintended results can be development of node loyalty, or a

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 6

Marketing - Essay ExampleThe financial services vault of heaven would include banking, life assurance and pensions, investment worry and asset servicing apart from general insurance, incorporated finance, and broking services sectors. The factors that affect the financial services industry are the government regulation and deregulation from time to time, global competition, changing customer preference behavior. Availability of skilled mental faculty is essential. Marketing financial services, disregardless whether it is face-to-face or through direct selling channels, comes with a high cost. If human element is eliminated, the electronic set up costs is high.Marketing of services is a bigger challenge than marketing of wares. confused reasons account for this and hence strategic marketing plans form to be devised for this. The most important differentiation is that products have well defined parameters and the customer can base his decision to some extent on that. service on the other hand are intangible. In services marketing, it depends to a large extent on the customer. Two different people would react differently to a given situation. Marketing a product is on the premise that there is a market of millions. Hence, all related services like delivery, consequence and after sales service can be built accordingly. As far as marketing financial services is concerned, each individual is a market in himself. Customer relationship management is essential here. Transactional analysis is important because it helps to derive customer knowledge to offer and improve the services. The service staff can also be trained based on this information.In marketing financial services, versatile factors have to be taken into account. Financial services come with a high element of encounter attached to it. Marketing of products and general services require the four Ps (product, price, place and promotion) however in marketing of financial services two

Rhetoric Principle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Rhetoric Principle - Essay ExampleIt is, therefore, wise for employed people to spend and if they do not do so now, they will wallow in p all overty and desperation alongside those who neer had employment or invested. There are many surface areas in which a person tail assembly invest including entrepreneurship, shareholding, real estates, agri cultural activities, and banking among others (Gray, 1983). The good news is that at least, every person can find an area of interest in investment options. These options also fit in a variety of jobs one does (Domini, 2011). Moreover, everyone can easily investment in an economic activity that fits his or her timetable, financial status, social status and cultural orientation.Therefore, there will be no reason to justify if a person is abandoned by his children to wallow in poverty in old age when he should have laid a strong financial foundation by investing. There is also no reason for one to call that he or she was not employed given the loan packages that financial institutions offer all over at interest rates that even lay people can

World Bank project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

area Bank project - Essay ExampleSome of the main economic sectors that the Senegalese government feels that continue skill development should be enhanced include the tourism sector, horticulture and poultry farming sectors. The initiative by the World Bank to fund the training programme for the young people in Senegal has led to colossal improvements in the job market. In addition, the cases of joblessness among the young people in Senegal has significantly mowd.The project was awarded a $35 million loan for full implementation. The project is very beneficial to the economic development of Senegal. The project entrust improve the level of skills among the young people. In essence, the project will aid in the diversification of the economic activities in Senegal. Over 60% of the total Senegalese population is employed in the horticulture. However, the contribution of agriculture to the countrys economic growth is less than twenty percent. In this regard, fling sufficient germa ne(predicate) training to the young people in the fields of agriculture and tourism can aid in cost increaseing the economic growth of the country. The project aims at increasing the countrys agricultural production and to boost returns from tourism activities. In essence, the project will boost the contribution of common economic activities to the countrys economic growth and development.Most young people are idle because of lack of skills in the versatile industries. Young people are very productive since they are energetic and can easily align to changes. Actually, the young people have a better understanding capacity compared to the old people. In this case, offering training to the young people is very economic since they understand concepts at a higher regulate than the old people. For this reason, the project will aid in boosting the level knowledge among the young people and reduce idleness in the streets.The project will aid the Senegalese

Families of color creating harmony and optical illusions Essay Example for Free

Families of color creating harmony and optical illusions EssayModern television production, music videos and movies trust on influential power of colour in to capture and hold an audience. Glowing spell bounding colors perceived by bright sunlight originated with advanced study of canonic art concepts. In the 1600s, Newton invented the far-famed color wheel, providing the standard guideline for combining colors creating a sundry(a) pleasing ocular appeal, root system with three basic colors. The color wheel breaks color down by category, forming families of color. As long as the colors on the color wheel form grey shades when mixed together, they argon considered to conk to the same family. This is what is meant by family of colors. The categories of colors argon identified as primary, secondary or tertiary, complementary, split complementary, analogue, and triad. elemental colors on the color wheel consists of only three colors red, blue and yellow. From these three ba sic colors, all other color combinations are haved. Secondary colors are mixed primary colors. For example, potpourri devil primary colors, red and blue, sack ups secondary purple. Hue is defined the way color is seen or two colored optical effects.Hues are two toned colors, red-green and blue-yellow are most commonly employ. Complimentary colors are directly opposite of each other on the color wheel. Analogue colors are a combination of any three colors as long as they are adjacent to each other on the color wheel. Triad colors are equally distant colors. formerly the artists understands thoroughly how to coordinate colors use the color wheel, then optical illusions and harmony can be formed. Color harmony is a combination of colors complimenting each other to create a pleasant visual epitome, or a complete picture.To understand how the color wheel may be apply to create harmony, the wheel breaks the harmony down ever further than the basic colors in a chart called a hist ogram. Harmonic colors hold a specific relationship by their horizon within a color space. (King, 2002). Monochromatic (a small slice of the color wheel of adjacent hues), completing (two-color scheme on opposite sides), Split complementary, split, and four-tone chord. (King 2002) Hue histogram is a diagram showing which colors belong to to the same family, and which colors contrasts.After the color specialists decide on a specific, chosen colors are mixed determining what degrees the cells are tinted. Colored cells shades and colors are called pixel value. This is most beat consuming, part of the image making process, besides also the most significant process contri anding to the visual appeal. Making the process easier and more thorough is the hue histogram. Hue histogram uses alphabetical angels i I V l T Y X N. http//www. websiteoptimization. com/speed/tweak/color-harmony/ This histogram is used to create harmony and create optical illusion image.Color harmony is used to cr eate a picture, optical illusions uses color to make the picture appear as a moving image. In Victor Vasarely, optical illusion image the Orion C, he used shapes and contours with color. The colors may have belonged to the same family of colors, but many of these were non hues, or laying adjoining to each other. In the center, he used light blue next to light pink. He used wide range of colors far apart on the histogram but all belonging to the same family of colors. Normally, black and white are not considered colors, only shades.He used plenty white to give the illusions of squares moving into each other. In the Orion C, the viewer can get a line at one square, and before they know it, they find themselves looking at another square. http//www. artinthepicture. com/artists/Victor_Vasarely/ In Bearden J Moods, Music and Life image, the artist used color harmony. The ranges selected from the color wheel where colors very bordering together or next to each other, called hues. Of c ourse not all of the colors used where hues, but they did not range more than 3 shades apart. Colors were selected to distinguish the difference of the objects. http//www.nga. gov/education/ schoolroom/bearden/musli1. shtm Hue histograms are used by color technicians providing lifelike and mood enhancing images, videos and movies. When using the hue histogram, it is all important(predicate) to realize the alphabetical angles can move. The V on the color gram can move to mete out different shades, but the size of the angel cannot be widened to include more colors. If the artists is to create harmony, they must decipher the rules. Sometimes contrasting images are desired instead of harmony. For the image to have a pleasant visual appeal, color rules still apply. Contrast would use the T-shape.Even in complex images, everything starts with three basic colors, using the wheel. In the 1600s, Newton invented the famous color wheel, providing the standard guideline for combining colors creating a multicolored pleasant visual appeal, beginning with three basic colors. References The art of Romare Bearden, A resource for teachers http//www. nga. gov/education/classroom/bearden/musli1. shtm Art in the picture Victor_Vasraely http//www. artinthepicture. com/artists/Victor_Vasarely/ King, 2002, Automated Color Harmony Tools, http//www. websiteoptimization. com/speed/tweak/color-harmony/

Pedagogy Essay Example for Free

Pedagogy EssayPedagogy of the Oppressed (Portuguese Pedagogic do Proudly), written by educator Paulo complete, proposes a pedagogy with a new relationship between teacher, student, and parliamentary law. It was beginning published in Portuguese in 1968, and was translated by Myra Ramose into English and published In 1970. 1 The have got is considered one of the engraftational texts of critical pedagogy. Dedicated to what Is called the oppressed and based on his own experience helping Brazilian adults to read and write, Fire includes a detailed Marxist class analysis in his exploration of the relationship between what he calls the colonizer ND the colonized. In the book Fire calls tralatitious pedagogy the banking beat because it treats the student as an empty vessel to be filled with knowledge, like a piggy bank. However, he argues for pedagogy to treat the learner as a co-creator of knowledge. The book has sell over 750,000 copies worldwide. 2 Translated into several langu ages, approximately editions of Pedagogy of the Oppressed contain at least one introduction/foreword, a preface, and four chapters. The first base chapter explores how oppression has been Justified and how it is overcome through a mutual process between the oppressor and the oppressed (oppressors-oppressed distinction).Examining how the balance of power between the colonizer and the colonized remains relatively stable, Fire admits that the powerless in order of magnitude can be frightened of freedom. He writes, Freedom Is acquired by conquest, not by gift. It must be pursued constantly and responsibly. Freedom is not an ideal located outside of man nor is it an idea which becomes myth. It is or else the indispensable condition for the quest for human completion. (47) According to Fire, freedom will be the result of exercise Informed action when a balance between theory and practice is achieved.The second chapter examines the banking get along to nurture a metaphor used by Fire that suggests students are considered empty bank accounts that should remain pay to deposits made by the teacher. Fire rejects the banking approach, claiming It results In the demutualization of both the students and the teachers. In addition, he argues the banking approach stimulates oppressive attitudes and practices in society. Instead, Fire advocates for a more(prenominal) world- mediated, mutual approach to pedagogics that considers people Incomplete.According to Fire, this authentic approach to development must allow people to be aware of their incompleteness and strive to be more fully human. This attempt to use education as a meaner of consciously shaping the person and the society is called centralization, a term first coined by Fire in this book. Dimensions of human praxis. This is in line with the handbasin Viewer Pintos use of the word/idea in his Consciences Realized National which Fire contends is using the purpose without the pessimistic character original ly found in Jaspers (Note 15,Chapter 3) in reference to Karl Jaspers notion of Gratuitousness. The last chapter proposes dialogs as an instrument to free the colonized, through the use of cooperation, unity, organization and cultural synthesis (overcoming problems in society to set free human beings). This is in contrast to antispasmodics which use conquest, manipulation, cultural invasion, and the concept of divide and rule. Fire suggests that populist parley is a necessity to revolution that impeding dialogue dehumidifies and supports the locating quo. This is but one example of the dichotomies Fire identifies in the book.Others include the student-teacher dichotomy and the colonizer-colonized dichotomy. In his article for the conservative-leaning City Journal, Sol Stern3 notes that Pedagogy of the Oppressed ignores the traditional touchstones of Western education (e. G. , Rousseau, John Dewey, or Maria Interiors) and contains virtually none of the information typically found in traditional teacher education (e. G. , no discussion of curriculum, testing, or age-appropriate learning). To the contrary, Fire rejects traditional education as official knowledge that intends to oppress.SpreadeditSince the publication of the English edition in 1970, Pedagogy of the Oppressed has achieved near-iconic status in Americas teacher-training programs, according to Sol Stern. A 2003 study looking at the curricula of 16 schools of education, 14 of them among the top in the country, found that Pedagogy of the Oppressed was one of the most frequently assigned texts in their school of thought of education courses. Such course assignments are a large part of the reason the book has sold almost 1 million copies, which is a remarkable number for a book in the education field. 3InfluenceseditThe work was strongly influenced by Franz Fanons and Karl Marx. One of Firers dictums is that there neither is, nor has ever been, an educational practice in zero space-timeneutral in the sense of being committed only to preponderantly abstract, impalpable ideas. According to later critics, heirs to Firers ideas have taken it to mean that since all education is political, leftist math teachers who keeping about the oppressed have a right, indeed a duty, to use a pedagogy that, in Firers words, does not conceal in fact, which proclaims its own political

Overview of Information Systems and Technology Essay Example for Free

Overview of Information Systems and engineering science EssayCorporations rely heavily on their internal business carcasss. These business systems consist of departments much(prenominal) as finance and accounting, human resource, legal, sales/marketing, and operations. Riordan Manufacturing, Inc. contains all the necessary business systems to operate for day to day activities. Riordan, a manufacturing company HRIS system is dated back in 1992 and as part of the financial system, it tracks the employee learning such as pay rate, hire date, personal tax exemption purposes, seniority date, vacation hours for none exempted employees, organisational information such as managers name and department for cipher purposes, and personal information with inclusion of addresses, birth dates and names. The companys HRIS system was installed in 1992. It is a part of the financial systems package and keeps track of the side by side(p) employee informationPersonal information (such as name , address, marital status, birth date, etc.)Pay ratePersonal exemptions for tax purposesHire dateSeniority date (which is sometimes different than the hire date) Organizational information (department for budget purposes, managers name, etc.)Vacation hours (for non-exempt employees)Changes to this information are submitted in writing (on special forms) by the employees manager and are entered into the system by the payroll clerk. Training and development records are kept in an Excel worksheet by the rearing and development specialist. Each recruiter maintains applicant information for open positions. Rsums are filed in a central storage area, and an Excel spreadsheet is used to track the status of applicants. Workers compensation is managed by a third-party provider, which keeps its own records.Employee files are kept by individual managers there is no central employee file area. Managers are also responsible for tracking FMLA absences and any requests for accommodation under the ADA. The compensation manager keeps an Excel spreadsheet with the results of telephone circuit analyses, salary surveys and individual compensation decisions. Employee relations specialists track information about complaints, grievances, harassment complaints, etc. inlocked files in their offices.

Of Mice and Me Essay Example for Free

Of Mice and Me Es guessOf mice and men is a Film nearly life in a ranch, well done, with a low budget but with a stack of creativity. The directors are Gary Since and Horton Foot, Since plays an important part in the film as George. The other main actors are toilet Malcovich as Lenny and Sherlin Flynn as Curleys wife. Very good actors and know how to interpret each characters. Curleys wife has a rattling low profile in comparison with the book. Well the film starts when they escape from weed because they think Lenny despoiled a girl. They go to a ranch to work. There is a guy named Curly who hates big guys give care Lenny, he has a wife who likes to flirt with men at the ranch. Curly has a fight with Lenny and Lenny breaks Curleys hand. They say he caught it in a machine. Gorge and Lenny tell Candy about their dream and they decide to do it together. Lenny is playing with a pup and he realizes its dead, suddenly Curleys wife gets in they start talking and she says to him to reach her hare. He dose it so hard she starts to scream and Lenny gets nervous and he ends up killing her. He runs away. Candy tells the guys and they go and look for Lenny. Gorge arrives first and while he is telling him their dream he kills him.The part of Lenny its grate. The actor was perfectly chosen in the physical part and its interpretation as Lenny its conscionable like I imagined in the book. The part of George was good but not perfect. In the book dialogue a lot and has a actually tight relationship with slim and he treats Lenny very severely in the film he is more than quiet and more gentile with Lenny. I personally did not like Curleys wife. In the book they describe her like a tart. She likes to where fancy dresses and feathers. In the film she is more reserved and less flirty.The music and lights play a major part in the film. For example the sins in the guff house are always dark, with very little light in the middle of the bunk house. A very good example of m usic its when George is running to the pool at the ending they tramp nervous music because George its nervous, that makes a big effect in the audience.The allegory is a protest novel with deep content but in the feel this is not so clear. The film could represent these themes in a better way if Curleys wife was more of a tart or if crooks part was the equal as in the book, longer and expressing more resentment feelings.I would recommend this film only for good deal who read the book because it helps to understand many aspects but for people who did not red it could be very slow and boring. This film its good only as a complement of the book. Its good to rescue the propulsion of John Malcovich who did a brilliant part and the good music and light effects.

Literature Review Celebrity Chef Essay Example for Free

Literature Review Celebrity Chef EssayThis reexamination should bring all relevant facts about the subject and facilitate practitioners and highlight atomic number 18as for further research. In soon renown countenance is about endorsing products with the help from a renown. Consumer association towards a laurels endorsed produced increases their grease ones palms aim as many see the distinction as a role model. However, it is important that the consumer can come out with the credit and that the famous person? s image fits with the produced he or she endorses, only then will distinction backing be an effective advertise strategy. . 2. Background and Definition Nowadays, celebrities are wasting disease in advertisement in almost every context. Athletes much(prenominal) as Michael Ballack (Adidas) or Tiger Woods (Rolex) or models such as Cindy Crawford (Omega) or Heidi Klum (Katjes) endorse several products. These celebrities act as a spokesperson in disposition to advertise and promote products (Kambitsis et al. , 2002). Celebrities can create more domineering responses towards publicizing and greater purchase innovations than non-celebrity readers (Byrne et al. , 2003). development celebrity as an endorser for a given product can either be incontrovertible or negative for a company/brand. A rivulet that turned out successfully was the campaign with Jamie Oliver as an endorser for the supermarket chain J. Sainsbury. The successful format of the TV production The naked chef provided an ideal curriculum to use for the advertising campaign within a context relevant for J. Sainsbury? s desire (Byrne, 2003). An vitrine of a campaign that did not turn out successful was when J. Sainsbury used the actor John Cleese in the value to shout about campaign in 1998.Employees and customers alike felt that Cleese was not the right record to personify the supermarkets quality image (Whitehead, 2003). In the writings there are two different definit ions of celebrity endorsers used. The definitions used are A celebrity endorser is an individual who is known to the public (actor, sports figure, entertainer, etc. ) for his or her achievements in areas other than that of the product class endorsed. (Friedman, 1979, p. 63) Any individual who enjoys public recognition and who uses the recognition on behalf of a consumer good by appearing with it in an advertisement. McCracken, 1989, p. 310) In other words these definitions says that an individual who is known to the public in different ways. The individual is famous and applys his or her publicity to advertise a product that does not have anything to do with the individual fame. I consider McCracken? s definition as the most informative one as it is short and concise. The definition gives a clear view of what a celebrity endorser is. Previous studies have been done on consumers? response to celebrity stock-purchase warrant in advertising.Results of these studies show that celebri ties make advertising believable and enhance message recall. Furthermore, when celebrities are recognized with brand names, it creates a positive stead toward the brand and a distinct personality for the endorsed brand. In the following chapter the method used for this follow-up will be introduced. The chapter will start with how a literature review is defined, followed by the literature search, method problems and quality standards. 2. 1. Definition of literature reviewConducting a literature review is about spirit a topic that has already been addressed, how it has been researched by other authors, and what the key issues are (stag, 1998). According to the author Chris Hart (1998) the definition of a literature review is the selection of available documents both published and unpublished (in my review I will only study published academic documents), on the topic, which contains information, ideas, data and evidence indite from a particular standpoint. 2. 2. Literature search, methodology used When searching for articles I used the databases Emerald, Ebsco and ProQuest.These databases were used because of the highest class-conscious journals in the field of marketing were listed there. I used the article Journal quality list (2008) issued by Harzading. com, research in international and cross-cultural management. High ranked journals increase the validness of the thesis, as validity is defined as The ability of a scale or measuring instruments to measure what is intended to be measured(Zinkmund, 2000). I also tried to find books relevant to the topic by using the depository library here at Les Roches International School of Hotel management as well as the library database google. scholar. . 3. definition of sub-topics Purchase intentions Describes what impact the celebrity endorser has on the consumers purchase intentions. A consumer is more likely to purchase complex or expensive products which are endorsed by celebrities rather than by non-celebritie s. Daneshvary and Schwer (2000) point purchase intention as an environment of associations between stock-purchase warrant and consumer, depending if the consumer can identify with that association and purpose. Consumers? association to celebrity stock warrant/endorser How consumers associate/have a connection towards the celebrity endorsement/endorser.If a company loss a consumer to associate to an endorsed product it is important to choose an endorser who uses the product and where that use is a manifestation of professional expertise (Daneshvary and Schwer, 2000). A formula 1 driver endorsing helmets is good, while a tennis actor endorsing car polish is less good (ibid). Consumers? attitudes towards the endorser The consumers? often have a positive attitude towards the product and the celebrity, despite the fact, that it is well known, that the endorser earned a lot when promoting the product (Cronley et al. 1999). Effectiveness of celebrity endorsement/endorsers How effectiv e is the usage of celebrity endorsement. It is, most likely, more effective to use celebrity endorsement constantly to increase the strength of the link between the celebrity and the endorsed brand. It is also more effective to use a celebrity who is not associated with another product (Till, 1998). Positive/negative effects of celebrity endorsement the usage of celebrity endorsement can be both positive and /or negative, which can lick the company / brand in the end.For example, using celebrities can be very costly also, celebrities might duty period to a competitor, which would then increase the risk of a negative impact (Agrawal and Kamakura, 1995). However, in can be said that celebrities in advertising are widely spread and persistent and the marketing executives continue to utilize celebrity endorsement as an advertising strategy (ibid). Profitability of celebrity endorsement The use of celebrity endorsement will hopefully lead to increased profitability.A study indicates th at there is a positive impact of celebrity endorsement on the expected future profits, which recommends marketing managers to use celebrity endorsers in their advertising campaigns (Agrawal and Kamakura, 1995). Friedman/Friedman (1979)Does effectiveness of celebrity endorsement depend on the product? Interviews with 360 house wives Celebrity endorsements are not effective for all products Till (1998)What are the effects of celebrities endorsing more than 1 product? sideslip study with 99 students, who were shown different advertisings using the similar celebrity endorserThe use of the same celebrity endorser to advertise for various products has got a negative impact on the efficiency of the ad, the product and the endorser. Atkin / Block (1983)Is celebrity endorsement effective in advertising and how does it influence customer purchase intentionsExperiment with 196 study persons, where each actor was shown 3 versions of an ad. Each version featuring a celebrity endorser and a no n-celebrity.Advertising using celebrity endorsement is under special conditions more effective than using non-celebrities. Choi et al. (2005)How can celebrities be used successfully in advertising? How effective is the recall-value and the emotional response to celebrity advertising? Experiment with different groups of test persons. Advertising with celebrities is more effective than using non-celebrities under special conditions. Sanbonmatsu / Kardes (1988)How does the credibility of a celebrity partake the consumer purchasing intention? Interviews with 542 persons.Consumer purchasing intentions are more effected using celebrities than using non-celebrities. Tripp et al. (1994) How do consumers prove the celebrity endorsement, the ad and the brand, if the celebrity endorses various products? What are the effects on purchasing behaviour? depression Study interviews with 461 students. Second Study Interview with 10 test persons. Simultaneous advertising trough the same celebrity h as a negative effect on the ad, the product and the celebrity. Agrawal/Kamakura (1996)Which economical effects on advertising are there when using celebrities?Event-Study in regards to the effects on allot prices trough the announcement of celebrity endorsementCelebrity endorsement can have a positive and a negative effect on share prices. Agrawal/Kamakura (1995)Can a single celebrity have a positive effect on the company? s value? Analysis of the share price of a company after announcing a celebrity endorserCelebrity endorsement can have a positive and a negative effect on share prices. Charbonneau / mixture (2005)How does a company find the right celebrity endorser for its products? Which criteria should be considered? Questionnaires 414 marketing managers at 148 advertising companies.

Of mice and men was written in a period when mentally disabled people were treated like outcasts Essay Example for Free

Of mice and custody was scripted in a period when work forcet everyy disabled people were treat like outcasts EssayOf mice and men was written in a period when mentally disabled people were treated like outcasts. They were treated like that simply because they were unalike. Mental people were thought to be almost like a different species. Black people were considered outcasts because they had different skin-colour to white people. Also women were treated like property that belonged to men. The novel was written during the Great Depression, where jobs and employment were scarce. The USA was quite a poor country back then. Lennie is considered an outcast because he is mentally disabled. Mentally disabled peopled in that time were treated badly. They were locked up and break downd from the watch of society. This is known as segregation. They to a fault use to be sterilised. This means that they werent allowed to have babies or reproduce. Those are all very horrible. However, l ennie was not treated like any other mental people. This is because he has George to look later him, and many other mentally disabled people didnt have anybody to care for them or to look afterward them. But Lennie had that someone, and it was George, so that is whats different about Lennie.In the ranch, however, lennie was considered an outcast. We know this because lennie says to crooks, Everbody went slim, George and everbody. George says I gotta stay here. This shows that Lennie is not allowed to go into town like the rest. Hes not considered good enough do anything with the lads. Lennie is not allowed to take over games, such as horseshoe, with the others. From outside came the clang of horseshoe only Lennie was in the barn. This shows that while the others played their games lennie was made to stay at heart the barn. He is like an outsider or a refugee.Crooks is considered an outcast simply because he is grim. In those days, black people were treated very badly. They we re treated differently from white people. Black people were often neer called by their first names. Crooks is considered an outcast on the ranch because hes black and isnt referred to his real name, its either crooks or nigger. Crooks excessively has his pride he is a proud and aloof man. This means that crooks is not allowed inside the bunk offer because hes black. Hes allowed to play sports outside the bunk house, but not inside it, which is why he had a separate room. I aint wanted in the bunk house cause Im black. This shows the racial issue of how black men did not mix with whites. Crooks is being segregated in this way. That is also another reason why crooks is an outcast.Curleys married woman is presented as an outcast. This is because women in those times were treated as a piece of property by the men. They whitethorn have also been treated as a sex object by their husbands there to cook, cleared and have babies. In the ranch Curleys wife is considered an outcast becaus e shes a woman. Also she is related to the boss. She is not allowed to play horseshoe or go into town or even talk to anyone. We know that when she was in the barn with lennie, I get lonely you can talk to people, but I cant talk to nonentity but Curly. This shows us that everyone else can talk with whom they like, but she can only talk to her husband.In conclusion, thirty-something America is presented as a racist country who thinks black should be separated in cost of class. It is presented as a country that thinks mentally disabled people should be separated from the rest of society. It was also a sexist country who treated women very badly. A very uncivilized country.

Afghanistan and Iraq invasions by U.S. Essay Example for Free

Afghanistan and Iraq invasions by U.S. EssayIn recent years, the United States of the States president, George W. Bush has vowed to continue with his invasions in both Iraq and Afghanistan simultaneously. His arrangement has declined against United Nations objections to warf are on these ii nations early this year. The United Nations has suggested that the United States has erred in underestimating the obligation of pacifying the two nations but instead rushed to fulfill the Bush Doctrine that was floundering (Roberts, 2003, pp. 37). Bush has therefore shown the unwillingness to recede his pride and has persistently compromised the international community. Bush has demonstrated the same rigidity in attacking what he described as Osama Taliban allies in Afghanistan. This has lead to slashing of Afghanistan prisoners openly and thus denying them the right accorded to combatants during war time. The war on these two nations has been considered unfair since US has produced an ev idence that Iraq had the capability of producing biological and nuclear weapons in the near future but not now. It has also abandoned the claims that Iraq had introduced a nuclear program.This means the nations were not legitimate enemies (Roberts, 2003, pp. 27). Interesting enough, these attacks have been characterized by racial discrimination that seems to be deepening day in day out. Arabs and Moslems have been treated as the victims of the bigotry in Afghanistan. The reports that have been released by bodies that protect charit sufficient rights indicate clearly that acts of discrimination against Arabs and Muslims have increased by a margin of 1700% since Bush proclaimed the war on both of these countries (Cordesman, 1999, pp.40). These two tribes have been discriminated in the lines of cultural discrimination that is concerned with aversion against crimes, discrimination in employment and perpetration from those who get misinformed about them through airwaves, street corne rs and schools of the United States of America. The another(prenominal) areas in which discrimination has been pronounced include the policies that have been enacted by America relating to the immigration control procedures and heathen profiling.These policies have damaged and frustrated the lives of many Muslim and Arab families that were innocent (Cordesman, 1999, pp. 30). It is mostly viewed all over the initiation that Americas occupation of these two Muslim nations is a move to Americanize the zones culturally, politically and economically. This is the creator why all international organizations are crying foul upon America soldiery to leave these two nations alone. This call has however received a great resistant and harsh response from America.The occupation of these nations has led to freezing of charity assets and promoted anti Islam media campaign that has angered many Muslims. This behavior has made Muslims feel that they are treated as potential terrorists not as po tential individuals. According to Bush, a good Muslim allows occupation of his land, freezing of financial assets, killing of his people and destruction of social fabric. These are not acts to gibe violence and terrorism but driving the acres to political and economic sabotage (Dale, 2004, pp.34). According to hold 51, chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, the concept of the Right of Self Defense has been violated by Bush. This is because it states that a country should not be disrupted by force so long as it is willing and able to provide defense for itself. Occupation of these two countries has been treated as mayhem by their nationals because they feel that they should be left alone because they have the ability to protect their citizens and their assets.This is supported by the continuous attacks of US troops by their Muslim counterparts (Dale, 2004, pp. 35).ReferenceRoberts Jeffery, 2003. The Origins of Conflicts in Afghanistan. Mahwah, NJ, Praeger Publishers, pp. 27, 3 7. Cordesman Antony, 1999. Iraq and the War of Sanctions Conventional Threats and Weapons of Mass Destruction. Mahwah NJ, Praeger Publishers, pp. 30, 40. Dale Stephen, 2004. The Garden of the Eight Paradises America and Afghanistan. Oxford, Oxford University Press, pp. 34, 45.

Road to Serfdom Essay Example for Free

Road to vassalage EssayHayek has written one of the most important books of our generation. It restates for our time the issue between liberty and authority. It is an apprehend call to all well-intentioned planners and socialists, to all those who are sincere democrats and liberals at heart, to stop, look and listen. The author is an internationally known economist. An Austrian by birth, he was director of the Austrian Institute for Economic Research and subscriber in economics at the University of Vienna during the years of the rise of fascism in Central Europe. He has lived in England since 1931 when he became Professor of Economic Science at the University of London, and is now a British citizen. Professor Hayek, with long power and rigour of reasoning, sounds a grim warning to Americans and Britons who look to the government to provide the way surface of all our economic dif? culties. He demonstrates that fascism and what the Germans correctly call National Socialism ar e the inevitable results of the increase growth of state control and state power, of national planning and of socialism.It is inbred that we should re-learn frankly to face the concomitant that freedom can be had only at a price and that as individuals we must be prepared to make severe material sacri? ces to preserve it. 68 69 the road to serfdom We must regain the conviction on which liberty in the AngloSaxon countries has been based and which Benjamin Franklin expressed in a phrase applicable to us as individuals no less than as nations Those who would give up essential liberty to purchase a little temporary safety deserve neither liberty nor safety. Toward a better world To build a better world, we must have the courage to make a new start. We must clear away the obstacles with which human folly has recently encumbered our path and drop out the creative energy of individuals. We must create conditions favourable to progress rather than planning progress. It is not those who cry for more planning who show the necessary courage, nor those who preach a New Order, which is no more than a continuation of the tendencies of the past 40 years, and who can think of nothing better than to follow Hitler.

The Evolution of Eukaryotic Cells from Prokaryotic Cells Essay Example for Free

The Evolution of Eukaryotic Cells from procaryotic Cells Essay deoxyribonucleic acid- Deoxyribonucleic vitriolic (DNA), a self-replicating material present in nearly all living organisms, is the deadly that carries genetic information. ribonucleic acid- Ribonucleic acid (RNA), is an acid that is present in all living electric cells, its main role is to act as messenger and carry instructions from DNA fro controlling the synthesis of proteins.What are Eukaryotic Cells and Eukaryotic Organisms?A eukaryotic cell is a cell that contains complex organelles like nuclei or mitochondria enclosed within a membrane and eukaryotic organisms are organisms that are made up of eukaryotic cells like us, humans. What are Prokaryotic Cells and Prokaryotic Organisms?Prokaryotic cells are cells that lack nuclei and other organelles within the cell membrane they have strands of DNA and RNA in them instead of nuclei. However, prokaryotic cells are not as simple as they olfactory property or sound. The DNA in the prokaryotic cell unzips to make a molecule of RNA, and then the RNA makes proteins that help rebuild the cell wall. Sometimes the DNA reproduces itself, and then the new DNA molecule clings to the cell wall while the cell divides to make a new cell with the new DNA interior it. Prokaryote cells also have a little string of protein molecules that hangs off the end like a tail, called a flagellum. The cell can move this flagellum by pushing protons or energy at it, and it can use the flagellum to move itself from one place to another.http//scienceforkids.kidipede.com/biology/cells/prokaryote.htm

Terrorism and human rights abuses in the Balkans Essay Example for Free

act of act of terrorism and human rights abuses in the Balkans EssayAbstract This essay aims to explain the history of and the reasons for the existence of terrorism in the Balkans. It also compared the similarity between human rights abuses in Persian gulf nations and Islamic fundamentalist-themed terrorist attacks on the linked States. Lastly, this essay will also answer why the fall of the Soviet Union will slip away to an increase in terrorism in Eastern europium. Terrorism and kind-hearted Rights Abuses in the Balkans, Eastern atomic number 63 and the Persian disjunction The Balkans, despite being a relatively small area, is home to an expansive florilegium of nationalities, cultures and religions (Popescu, 2008). Hence, it is inevitable that any changes in the balance between them will have important political, social and economic consequences that will affect the entire expanse (Popescu, 2008). Terrorist groups took advantage of the instability brought about by t he distrust of Balkan societies in their various(prenominal) governments (Popescu, 2008). As a result, they easily turned the region into a breeding ground for immoderate and fundamentalist groups, as well as a transit corridor for missions in third countries (Popescu, 2008).The war in Bosnia-Herzegovina in the 1990s, for instance, originated from the desire of the Bosniaks (Bosnian Muslims) to establish an Islamic state (Popescu, 2008). They used Islam as a nationalistic rhetoric, par the survival of their country with the restoration of Muslim national identity (Popescu, 2008). The Bosniaks were supported by Islamic countries such(prenominal) as Saudi Arabia, Afghanistan, Kuwait, Libya and Iran, providing them with weapons and soldiers (Popescu, 2008).From 1992 to 1995, 6,000 Arab-Afghan rebels came to the country to fight in the hostility (Popescu, 2008). After 9/11, majority of the benignant institutions in Bosnia-Herzegovina were investigated and closed down due to their a lleged ties with terrorist organizations like the Al-Qaeda (Popescu, 2008). In March 2002, practice of law raided the Bosanska Idealna Futura-BIF, a Sarajevo-based humanitarian organization (Popescu, 2008). They found military manuals, forged passports, weapons and personal correspondence between Osama put in Laden and BIF founder Enaam Mahmud Arnaout (Popescu, 2008). man rights abuses by Persian Gulf nations (Saudi Arabia, Iraq, UAE, Kuwait, etc. ) and terrorist attacks against US interests were both think to supress political oppositeness. Despite publicly denouncing American imperialism, the aforementioned countries are notorious for grossly violating the human rights of their citizens (Simbulan, 2002). absolute majority of political prisoners in the Persian gulf nations were detained for speaking out against corruption and totalitarianism in their respective countries (Simbulan, 2002).Prominent Omani playwright and human rights activist Abdullah Ryami was imprisoned on July 2005 for vocally criticizing the Omani governments hook and trial of 31 Omanis belonging to the Ibadi sect for allegedly plotting a coup (Human Rights Watch, 2005). At the time of his incarceration, he had no contact with his family or a legal counsel (Human Rights Watch, 2005). He was also banned from report in newspapers and producing plays for television (Human Rights Watch, 2005).On December 2007, activists in Bahrain staged a series of demonstrations to mark abuses by security forces during political unrest in the 1990s (Human Rights Watch, 2008). Dozens of people were arrested in the violent dispersals that ensued, including opposition political activists who protested the Bahraini governments repression of civil liberties (Human Rights Watch, 2008). In January 2008, detainees complained of being subjected to physical and sexual abuse by interrogators and jailers (Human Rights Watch, 2008).The prisoners communicate for independent physicians to examine the extent of their injuries was also denied (Human Rights Watch, 2008). The collapse of the Soviet Union contributed to terrorist activities in Eastern Europe by making its newly-formed republics much vulnerable to American military intervention (Howstuffworks, 2008). After the Soviet bloc fell, the US emerged as the worlds remaining superpower (Howstuffworks, 2008). The breakup of the Soviet Union granted the US slack access to its natural resources, particularly oil (Howstuffworks, 2008). The paragraph below summarized the regions potentialAfghanistan occupies the central position in the U. S. strategy for the economic control of the oil and bobble resources in the entire Middle East. The U. S. authorizedly imports 51 per cent of its crude oil 19. 5 million barrels daily. The Energy Information Administration estimates that by 2020, the U. S. will import 64 per cent of its crude 25. 8 million barrels a day. Caspian region oil reserves might be the third largest in the world (after Western Sib eria and the Persian Gulf) and, deep down the next 15 to 20 years, may be large enough to offset Persian Gulf oil.Caspian Sea oil and gas are not the only hydrocarbon deposits in the region. Turkmenistans Karakum Desert holds the worlds third largest gas reserves three trillion cubic meters and has six billion barrels of estimated oil reserves. Current estimates evidence that, in addition to huge gas deposits, the Caspian basin may hold as much as 200 billion barrels of oil 33 times the estimated holdings of Alaskas North Slope and a current value of $4 trillion. It is enough to meet the U. S. energy needs for 30 years or more (Yechury, 2001).Hence, it was no longer surprising if the US declared war against the Taliban regime of Afghanistan. But majority of the extremist and terrorist groups in the former Soviet Bloc and in Eastern Europe are allied with the Taliban, as the Taliban provided them with weapons, training and manpower (Godoy, 2001). Therefore, the US will have to face a bigger threat of terrorism in Eastern Europe.References __________. (2002, October). The Oil Equation in the US Bid against Iraq. Education for Development, 1, 15-16. Capdevila, G. (2002, October).Outgoing UN Human Rights Chief Repeats Criticisms against US. Education for Development, 1, 30-31. Deen, T. (2002, October). UN Credibility at Stake over Iraq, Warn Diplomats. Education for Development, 1, 10-11. Godoy, J. (2001, November 15). US polity Towards Taliban Influenced by Oil Authors. Retrieved February 28, 2008 from http//www. commondreams. org/headlines01/1115-06. htm. Howstuffworks. (2008). The Fall of the Soviet Union and the Rise of Terrorism. Retrieved February 28, 2008 from http//history. howstuffworks. com/cold-war/the-cold-war-timeline4.htm.Human Rights Watch. (2005, July 18). Oman Critics Subjected to Injustices They Had Exposed. Retrieved February 28, 2008 from http//hrw. org/english/docs/2005/07/18/oman11343. htm. Human Rights Watch. (2008, January 21). Bahr ain Investigate Alleged Torture of Activists. Retrieved February 28, 2008 from http//hrw. org/english/docs/2008/01/21/bahrai17838. htm. Human Rights Watch. (2008, February 16).Bahrain New Allegations of Detainee Abuse. Retrieved February 28, 2008 from http//hrw. org/english/docs/2008/02/16/bahrai18083.htm. Lobe, J. (2002, October). US Vision of Might and Right. Education for Development, 1, 3-5. Popescu, Teodora. (2008).Tackling Terrorism in the Balkans. PDF File. Retrieved February 28, 2008 from sparky. harvard. edu/kokkalis/GSW9/Popescu_paper. pdf. Simbulan, R. (2002, October). Why the UN Must Defend Iraq against the US War of Aggression. Education for Development, 1, 48-50. Yechury, Sitram. (2001). America, Oil and Afghanistan. Retrieved February 28, 2008 from http//www. hinduonnet. com/2001/10/13/stories/05132524. htm.

The Impact Of Culture On Healthcare Nursing Essay

The Impact Of Culture On Healthc atomic number 18 Nursing EssayCulture is hotshot of the most serious determining factors in healthcare preferences and practices. Thus, the need for transcultural nursing is undeniable. Transcultural nursing requires ripe assessment and analytic skills and the ability to plan, design, implement, and evaluate nursing care for individuals, families, groups, and communities representing various cultures (Andrews and Boyle, 2008, p.4). In order to efficaciously practice transcultural nursing, one essential first understand the need for cultural competence. It is vital for nurses to produce a c all told up to become culturally aware, culturally friendshipable, culturally skillful, and to seek cultural encounters. Cultural desire is the stimulator in the eruption of the process of cultural competence and the nurse must seek and be rotate to learn and accept others, understand the process is lifelong, and set aside personal feelings to effectively treat unparalleled patients (Campinha-Bacote, J, 2003). The Giger and Davidhizar (2002) Transcultural Model is a helpful tool that addresses and effectively treats patients who have different cultures. The model takes into term 6 important phenomena.Communication keeps culture alive by verbal and nonverbal means it is one of the biggest obstacles in healthcare. Nurses bear questions to determine patients views on illness, ca usages, and possible treatments. They listen and interpret their patients level of understanding and ability to follow through with treatment. Also, nurses interact with the patients family. Communication varies from culture to culture. Ameri gits are expected to speak Standard side however, it varies establish on region, ethnicity, and social class (United States, 2001). Americans example a variety of nonverbal communication. Eye form, which is viewed as a sign of trust and honesty, betwixt patients and healthcare dutyals is the norm. Expression of emo tion varies in American culture. Americans use a combination of verbal language, body language, and gestures. Americans are often straightforward and rather demanding. Unlike Americans, Asians seldom complain. Silence and withdrawal whitethorn be the only indication of a problem. Asians move to not ask for anything, accept pain, and remain stoic (Fernandez V. K., 2008, Asian Community). Many Asians dont engage in eye contact with almighty persons the avoidance of eye contact shows respect and reverence (Non-Verbal Communication, p.4). Asians speak more than 100 languages they vary based on the geographic regions they descend from (Asian Americans, p. 2). Arab Muslims usually cooperate by answering questions, listening, and following directions until they see improvement. They recollect their expression, much(prenominal) as pain, should be quickly met with response (Fernandez V. K., 2008, The Middle Eastern Community). The Arabic language uses devices that outmatch reality an d is not very direct or explicit (Ayish, 2003). Hispanics are very emotionally expressive. efficient communication with Hispanics is not based on just speaking their language cultural rules allow for trustworthy discussions with certain people (Fernandez V. K., 2008, The Hispanic American Community). Eye contact is expected on the nurses map hardly result not necessarily be reciprocated (Andrews Boyle, p.25). Nurses, if available, should undergo cultural might training. Berln and Fowkes LEARN Model can assist LEARN, represents the process of listening to the patient, explaining your view, acknowledging differences and similarities, recommending and negotiating a plan (Campinha-Bacote, J.,2003). Nurses should enlist the help of trained interpreters, preferably of the analogous gender, mature, and of no relation to patient if there is no interpreter, the following that not limited to, is necessary politeness, slow and concise speaking, simplicity, pantomime, validation of u nderstanding, and instructions in the proper sequence (Andrews Boyle, p.29).Space is also important when dealing with various cultures. Nurses are required to interact with patients, often invading personal space. Giger and Davidhizar (2002) stateTerritoriality refers to feelings or an attitude toward ones personal area. Each person has their have territorial behavior. Feelings of territoriality or violation of the clients personal and home(a) space can cause discomfort and may result in a clients refusing treatment or not returning for further care. (p. 185)Americans tend to require a need for personal space. When family and friends are near, Americans tend to be relaxed however, when a stranger or mere acquaintance invades space, it can become un cozy. Asians prefer a great arrive of social distance. Many prefer minimum physical contact with acquaintances excessive contact is viewed as inappropriate. Unlike Americans, who count touch is a sign of friendliness, Asians view the head as a personal area that contains the seat of the soul and it should not be touched. Arab Muslims seem to require the least amount of space. It is not uncommon for people from the Middle East to stand closely when conversing. However, gender can play a position Muslim woman may become distraught when a male, even a healthcare professional, stands or sits near her Arab Muslims expect females to tend to females and males forget care for males. Hispanics, unlike Americans, are use to standing or sitting near people they are not well acquainted with (Non-Verbal Communication, p.3). Hispanics and Arab Muslims may unintentionally invade nurses space as a means of getting closer and more comfortable (Andrews Boyle, p.26). Nurses should take the patients lead if the patient seems to gravitate towards you or initiates touch, then it is acceptable to do the same. At all clock respect the patient and boundaries.When dealing with patients, there must be consideration of social organiza tions or what role the patients culture plays in his or her life. Family members are often the put forwardrs of a patients eating habits, sick role behaviors, and medications used. Americans view family as a vital part of their healthcare plans. It is common for Americans to be visited and supported by family they often discuss and make important decisions. Asians are concerned with family interdependence over independence family usually likes to assist with patient care. In some Asian cultures, some members, such as men and elders, persist and consider women and children inferior (Galanti, 2005). Arab Muslims regard family as the foundation of their society. The husband answers questions, makes all major decisions, and gives consent. Often whiles, Arab Muslims dont believe in divulging family history. The family cares for the ill. (The Middle Eastern Community). Hispanics have large families who visit for long hours as a counselling to demonstrate their love and genuine concern . Often times, decisions are made by the entire family or designated members (Galanti, 2003). religious and spiritual beliefs are important factors during illness, recovery, and decease. In the United States, most people consider themselves Christians Catholics singly dominate, but the Protestant groups combined outnumber them. Americans include religious practitioners such as priest, ministers, and rabbis as well as nontraditional leaders during health related situations. Americans include religious objects, such as the Bible, and also rituals, such as communion. Death and end of life choices are also influenced by religion and practices typically, Americans consider death a sad and somber time. Asians are host to numerous religions Christian, Muslim, Buddhism, and Hindu are just a few. Many Asians believe in bad spirits infants attract them and induce death. If the illness is thought to be caused by spirits, healers are sought (Asian Community). Arab Muslims are usually of the Isl amic faith and pray 5 times a day to the Holy Land, Mecca. Muslims recharge their spiritual battery during the month of Ramadan fasting from dawn to sunset(a) accompanies. Arab Muslims often read from the Al Quran (The Middle Eastern Community). Hispanics are usually Catholics with the recent progeny of Pentecostals. Shrines and religious objects are common in practice. Health is viewed as Gods gift and should be revered (The Hispanic Community). Nurses must be accommodating to patients families and the value placed on family within cultures. Nurses must be sensitive to religious beliefs or practices and must not impose personal beliefs. Seeking knowledge is essential. However, exposure to several(a) cultures is one the best learning mechanisms.Understanding a cultures notion of time elapsing, specific periods, and clock time arenecessary for effective healthcare. Cultures may be past, present, or future point. Americans use time to provide order. Americans expect care at desig nated times appointments are a prime example. Americans are future orientated they believe they can manipulate the future by taking certain actions. Americans tend to be proactive the focus is optimism, coping strategies, and preventive measures. Americans often demonstrate this orientation through self examinations, check-ups, and staying informed nigh healthcare advances. Asians tend to have a past orientation. They prefer to adhere to traditional methods and treatments they are disquieted about new innovations. Recently however, Asians are shifting towards future orientation (Galanti, 2004). Arab Muslims are present oriented and are neglectful of preventive measures. They may be late or not attend appointments at all (The Middle Eastern Community). Hispanics also focus on the present. They believe the future arrives in its own time and thus the notion that one cannot be late exist (Galanti, 2004). Nurses must explain the grandeur of time regarding life processes while being r espectful and mindful of cultural views. Nurses should try to refrain from make time oriented promises that cant be kept.Environmental control or the attempt to control spirit affects patients health practices, values, and the definitions of health and illness (Giger, Davidhizar, 2002). Americans believe record can be controlled. Americans equate the body to a machine if its broken, allow healthcare professionals to fix it (Galanti, 2004). Americans conform to the Western biomedical model which defines health as the absence of disease or the signs and symptoms of disease. The holistic paradigm exists in Asian cultures it deals with the concept of yin and yang, in which forces of nature must be balanced to produce harmony (Andrew Boyles, 69). Asians tend to view people as part of nature. The land is a resource used to treat disease herbal remedies are common (Galanti, 2004). Arabs believe the key to good health is personal hygiene and a healthy diet. They place a amply value in modern Western medicine and have confidence in the medical profession (The Middle Eastern Community). Hispanics believe natural forces are not in their control and preventative measures are not often taken. (Galanti, 2004). Their system, the Curanderismo, combines spiritualistic, homeopathic, and scientific elements curandero or holistic healers are utilized (The Hispanic Community). Nurses should become known with factors. Nurses should not dismiss patients view of their power and accountability or lack thereof.Biological variations exist between races some groups are sensitive to certain medications, have metabolic differences, and are prone to certain diseases or factors that can affect healthcare. African Americans are three times more likely to get atomic number 65 than whites they also have higher rates of hypertension. Sensitivity to cardiovascular effects from Propranolol occurs more in Asians than Whites. cultural minorities, such as Hispanics, have higher HIV rates (Gig er and Davidhizar, 2002). Middle Easterners or Arab Muslims have a lower percentage of sweat chlorides (Andrews Boyle, 54). The list of variations is broad and extensive. Accurate assessment and evaluation of clients require knowledge of normal biocultural variations among healthy members of selected populations (Andrews Boyles, 49). Nurses must acquire skills that will allow the recognition of variations.A nurse must always remember that the focus should remain on the patients well being and recovery. It is necessary to understand that individuals will never be the same. A patients health status and treatment is directly influenced by their culture and it is this reasoning, which has been turn up through testing and the development of theories that has led to the conclusion that culture cannot and will not be ignored. humane diversity makes tolerance more than a virtue it makes it a requirement for survival (Dubos). Healthcare will not suffice without negotiation, adjustment, a nd respect of differences. Transcutlural concepts in nursing care have made cultural competency an expected standard and it is the duty of every nurse to help maintain this standard.

Evaluating The Different Changes To Child Protection Social Work Essay

Evaluating The Different Changes To Child resistance Social Work EssayWhen inquirying the changes that have get hold ofn drive in the last decade, it is nonable that lawfulness, guidance and application to practice atomic moment 18 constantly under revision. The rent of this project is to identify and esteem the impacts of the recent changes in babe security department as vigorous as domain opinion and aw areness of them.Evaluating changes in child trade protection is challenging as defining the rights of children has neer been tokenly straightforward. Once, in puritanical cartridge clips, they were considered the retention of parents who can treat them in whatever manner they like. Fortunately, nearly population today believe that children should be emotionally safeguarded and should receive protection from disposal agencies from physical and inner abuse. In examining how child protection has evolved during the past ten years, this project will also be discus sing the facts and misconceptions or so(predicate) word form and sexual abuse. Different types of study were used to identify those secondhand question section underlines former studies, findings, evaluation of g overnment and voluntary agencies actions in order to come to a conclusion, whereas in ab master key look data was collected by victimisation a questionnaire to summarise public opinion and trends about the publication. feasibility study was conducted to identify any doable difficulties in comp allowing the project and methods used are evaluated in methodology section.Whilst assessing the changes in policies, the research will give an cleverness into public attitudes and government legislation regarding child protection which is of interest to students who are hoping to progress onto a Social Work degree course and keep an eye on their future career working with children. For students who are hoping to work with adults, the research might provide base for g round the problems of paedophilia and an insight into recent Acts of Parliament. This was the reason why the research topic was selected.Secondary sources of data, such as journal articles and government publications, will be selected to identify recent changes in the system of rules. Even though these are widely attainable, the terminology used in selected journals is exclusively directed to professionals who work with children and some additional research will be essential in order to understand the topic and some legal hurt. Whilst secondary coil data will be obtained from books, journals and government publications, the primary data will be obtained from an interview with a child protection professional and questionnaires which will be completed regionally and anonymously by adults. Therefore, time will need to be designated for designing the questionnaire and interview questions. Questions will need to be written so that answers provided will be easy to analyse. However, primary data will not be obtained from children due to the predisposition of the topic. Basic computer skills, forward planning, determination and patience will be necessary in producing the following.Marina Trifunovicmethodological abridgment Study Analysis of the Methods Used to Complete the ProjectThe project is structured according to the requirements of the grade descriptors and it is outlined to meet the standardised criteria. In addition, the methods used in gathering primary and secondary data were suggested and back up by the college tutor. The research for the project involved gathering primary and secondary data and its cogency relies on validity of those sources. The information is independently generated using the methods which are briefly evaluated in this section.In terms of secondary data, validity was assured by using a variety of sources, such as books, newspaper articles and nett pages which demanded patience and persistence. However, it provided a fundamenta l base for the project and around significantly, it subsequently guide to a great know directge of the subject. Application of this knowledge allowed the hypercritical evaluation of the issues relating the child protection. This broad approach to secondary research imposes time limitations and requires excellent understanding of the terminology.In addition, primary data was gathered using the questionnaire and an interview with a child protection officer, employed by the NSPCC in Manchester. The interview with the tender worker provided an excellent insight into the issues related to child abuse and poverty. However, the preparation for this was time consuming and difficult due to the limited handiness of the interviewee and even though she tried and stay objective, some subjectivity as well as a degree of interpretation might have influenced the findings. Measures were taken to enhance the reliability of the findings generated by questionnaire by using a public sample from va rious age groups, genders and occupations and similar results enhance validity of the findings. However, the questionnaire was completed regionally and with a relatively small sample (36 people took part) which does not allow generalisation. Unlike interviews, using questionnaires does not require prior arrangements and information can be collected from a large number of people relatively easy.Qualitative data used in the research covers a very broad empyrean of different aspects to child protection. This is gathered from secondary as well as primary sources. Though information is brief comparable to that gathered by vicenary approaches, it poses difficulties when measuring it with reliability. Qualitative data found in secondary research such as in numerous books and journals require intensive reading and analysis in order to determine appropriate sources of information, e.g. finding and recognising the objective data in newspapers articles. Qualitative data is descriptive and th is method was used to gather information using an interview. Neverthe little, the qualitative data poses risks in terms of written work as it is easy for a researcher who is still learning about the subject to express it in a descriptive rather than analytical manner. In this project, a degree of critical analysis was maintained by constantly questioning why findings are in a right smart as they were found.Quantitative data was obtained by counting and coding the information gathered by the questionnaire in primary research. The information was transformed into numerical data and represented by using charts and graphs in the primary research section. This was further used to numerically measure the public opinion of child protection as well as to support the qualitative data and evidence found and analysed in secondary research. However, quantitative data in this project is not an infallible indicator on how people actually notice about child protection. The questions which were l eft unanswered in a questionnaire might be interpreted as the information which could not be limited to numerical descriptions and due to the sensitivity of the topic, some socially lovable answers are expected.Marina TrifunovicSecondary research Changes in Child Protection During the 2000sLaw and guidance which regulates the child protection is constantly under revision. Nevertheless, the twentieth century featured the shift in attitudes when the family moved on from Victorian times where Children were seen and not heard (Morgan,1985, p.89). Fortunately, most people today believe that children are not property of their parents and that they should be emotionally safeguarded and when necessary receive protection from government agencies from physical and emotional abuse. Therefore, when a composition is made, the child is usually taken from the parents and put into care. Many sociologists believe that this is primarily associated with the lower socio-economic classes because pover ty is believed to be related with increased chances of instability in the family (NSPCC, 2011). Although that is statistically correct, children in more desirable neighbourhoods may be more vulnerable if there is a general belief that childhood abuse could not by chance happen in these areas as poor children appear to be the easy choice for the sexual predators of the humanity. In examining how child protection has evolved during the past ten years, also the secondary research section involves analysis of the facts and misconceptions about class and sexual abuse.Child Protection ReformsEvery society has an interest in protecting its children, not only because they are the stewards of the future, but because unity of the merits which grades the level of development of civilisation is how well a particular culture treats its children. In England, there have been some arguments about reinforcing social values of the English steering of parenting on people from foreign cultures. How ever, the tragic story of Victoria Climbie had influenced politicians to discuss the ways to improve the law in place with regards to child protection in the UK. The Labour government also analysed how the holes in the system could be closed and systematically, the media had played a role in informing the public of what was regarded by the journalists as a blinding incompetence of government agencies (Lonne, 2009). The inquiry into the case discovered that a number of agencies such as the police, NHS, NSPCC and local churches that Victoria attended all noticed the signs of abuse, but had done nothing to assess the situation. As a result of the blinding incompetence in which way this case was assessed, Parliament passed an amendment to the original 1989 Children Act to the updated 2004 Children Act (The National Archives, 2011). These amendments to the Act gave much greater discretion to child protection agencies and reason to react when protecting children and the new principle of every child matters led officials to not dismiss accepted cases because of the social or cultural background of the child in question.The Home Secretary appointed a review of safeguarding children in June 2007 and measures were put in place to ensure better communication and cooperation between the agencies and the government agencies are exchanging data regarding sex offenders in England and Wales under the guidance of multi-agency public protection arrangements (MAPPA). In a controlled way, information is also made available to various people, such as teachers, employers, landlords and parents. The extent to which information is reviled involves regional variations and is further stimulated by a campaign for sex offenders apocalypse object, commonly referred to as Sarahs Law. This contrivance was piloted in Hampshire, Cleveland, Cambridgeshire and Warwickshire over a one year period in 2008 and it allowed members of the public to attain information from the police about any s ex offending convictions of an individualistic, for example, a family friend or a neighbour. However, the scheme does not mean that information is unreservedly made public. During the pilot period a total number of 585 enquiries were initiated, 315 of which were preceded further and resulted in a total of only 21 criminal disclosures macrocosm made. Also, 43 disclosure applications prompted other safeguarding actions such as referral to social services (Almandras, 2010) which indicates the schemes useful application in practice.The Home power carried out the research which concluded that criminal justice agencies had benefited from Sarahs Law which resulted in increased intelligence as well as in an improvement in a way which public concerns are handled. This led to an announcement in August 2010 that the scheme would expand to twenty more police force areas and remain forces were invited to consider the introduction of the scheme by March 2011. However, even though police senior s feel confident that information which is disclosed under the scheme will remain confidential, organisations such as NSPCC have tonic that criminal disclosure might encourage violent attacks.When evaluating this extent of information disclosure, it is important not to provide that it only involves the information about individuals who have been convicted for a sexual offence. This does not eliminate the need for public awareness to safeguard children from yet unknown offenders.Other significant methods to tackle the child abuse implicate a cultural shift of condemning violence within the home to the same extent as violence outside the home, and some researchers argue that Parliament could pass more amendments in safeguarding children, notably a arrive atst embodied punishment, such as the case in sixteen European countries, as a part of a revised Children Act in future (Wilson and James, 2007). Nevertheless, designing a strategy to tackle the issues of child protection involve d creating a profile of child abuse, for example, assessing which families would be more at risk to abuse children and social workers concluded that a degree of risk is strongly correlated with poverty, social isolation, family breakdown and poor parent-child relationships (Wilson and James, 2007). This has led government and voluntary agencies to focus their work on poorer households where such risks are statistically more possible as the economic factors inevitably create stress that can accumulate and result in parents to take out their frustration on their closest family, most notably on their children.Struggling to survive and fiscal problems, however, are not the primary reason behind the child abuse among middle and higher class families. Studies have found that abuse in the higher social circles are directly related to factors such as the abuse of drug and alcohol, and there is some hesitation to prosecute perpetrators from middle-class and upper-class backgrounds because th ey would be unable to provide economic support to their family members if they are prosecuted and put in prison. In addition, such an individual would be able to bring more financial resources to fighting the legal charges and it is argued how it would be easier for such a person to obtain personal references from affluent friends and family as well as have an advantage of the find to greater funds for legal help (Faller, 1993).New Labour reforms and Children Act 2004 aim to prevent children from being on repeated reports on the child protection registers (Powell 2002). In practice, this means that children would be much less likely to be removed from one abusive situation and placed in another(prenominal). The reforms of the government legislations honour increased measures for assessment of the prospective foster parents, and more strict evaluation of the biological parents who are hoping to gain back the custody of their children (Powell 2002).Protecting children onlineGovernme nt experts argue that parents, influenced by media, are contributing in creating the paranoid culture and thus are overprotecting their children. The risk-averse approach to raising children has resulted in an increasing number of children who are exploring the world of the internet and particularly social networking sites as they are disallowed to play outside. London School of Economic had carried the cosmopolitan survey which found that ninety eight percent of children have access to internet (UK Children Go Online, 2006) and another study concluded that nearly all questioned parents (95%) do not recognise the slang that their children use to let other people know that their parents are supervising them (Netlingo, 2011). Nevertheless, the generation gap often leaves parents unable to fully understand the complexity of the conduct of cyber bulling nor significance of online safety (Khan, 2009). This influenced the government to react and the agencies such as CEOP, UKCAS and IWF are developed and designed to provide information and support for the victims as well as minimise the approachability of images of child sexual abuse and help to prosecute the offenders. The number of intelligence reports from Child Exploitation and Online Protection Centre (CEOP) that led to police arrests increased from eighty three in 2006-2007 to four hundred 17 in 2009-2010. In 2009, Prime Minister Gordon Brown, marked the UK approaches to online child protection as one of the most effective in the world (IWF, 2009).puerility Sexual Abuse A Class DistinctionChildhood sexual abuse in reputable families was often undetected because the biggest percentage of the higher classes appears to consist of nice citizens. From a sociological point of view, taking children into care would be a more difficult finish in these cases as sexual abuse that involves immediate biological relatives is statistically more rare study to those involving lovers of the parents. Career people, doctor s, teachers, and successful men, sometimes women, as well as ministers of church were therefore able to delight on the sexual abuse of children because of the widespread misconception that such terrible things could not possibly be commit by these model citizens. Another reason why many offenders were successful in hiding their crimes was because they chosen the victims who were often vulnerable and lonely children that did not have warm relationships with parents and intended to obey authority. For example, in one case study, a child was abused in front of the neighbours who simply looked the other way because the catch of the abused child had created a negative opinion of the child in their minds by repeatedly copulation them what a naughty and difficult child she was. So when he chased her around while she was uncase and hit her outside, the neighbours thought nothing of it as it was an all white, middle class neighbourhood where such things neer happened (Itzin 2009).Thei r targets are not the conventionally perceived social underclass, though many victims will be move from that, but are rather from a collection of groups who form the fodder of abusive networks who are subjected over and over again throughout their lives to multiple abuses (Itzin 2000, p. 390).Unfortunately, there is no way to completely eliminate the plague of sexual abuse from society, but there is a way to encourage a shift toward fashioning children less vulnerable. Children Act 2004 recognised children as individuals in their own right who do not deserve to be beaten, raped, or psychologically tortured. Protecting children from harm should be a responsibility of all adults as well as implementing a zero-tolerance policy on child abuse and prosecution as well as rehabilitation of all offenders, regardless to the social class.