Classical school of thought

Classical school of opinionINTRODUCTION at that place atomic number 18 three main areas to the classical school of thought the Classical, humanitarian and Management Science postures. All three of these perspectives helped shape how industry developed through the ages, and elements of the classical school of thought are still apply today in modern counselling. The Classical perspective emphasised a scientific and efficient approach to managing survey. The Humanistic approach focused on human behaviour and attitudes as salubrious as how to activate actors to chance upon the very best they could at work. Finally the Management Science perspective stressed the importance of applying quantitative techniques such as statistics and mathematics to counseling problems.One early management innovator who is much or lesstimes known as the pioneer of management1 was Robert Owen (1771 1856) who ran mill around, most famously of all in New Lanark where he introduced several in th e buff management practices. Owen also contributed towards the humanistic perspective by trying to make life better for his workers through chthonicstanding his workers need for example by providing a nursery so employees with young children could relate on the job(p), and by proposing political reforms on issues such as shorter working hours for children, higher(prenominal) wages and increased job security so that workers safety and physiological needs would be better met. Even though these reforms were not passed in full due to his ideas failing to win him immediate followers and mayhap organism too origin for the time due to the all-or-nothing approach 2 Owens work went on to influence secern reformers such as Joseph Rowntree and heavy influenced management in todays world.CONTRIBUTIONSTechnological advancements such as the steam railway locomotive radically changed the system of rules of work. A large number of workers gathered unneurotic in a advanced type of workpl ace called a pulverisation. This new way of organizing work was a serious challenge to any tutor of the time. Planning, organizing, leading and controlling such a large and complex organization brought about many problems and challenges. Therefore, decisions based on rules of thumb and tradition became old and new approaches and solutions had to be developed.Conditions in early situationories were extremely harsh, with very barbarian working conditions for all employees. Long working hours (normally at least 13 hours per day, six days a week) were the norm, with children as young as flipper or six working under the same conditions as adults. manufacturing plant owners placed more importance on the care of their expensive machines than on the well-being (or otherwise) of their expendable employees.3Robert Owen radically altered the approach to how a factory is run, placing more emphasis on the actual workers indoors the purlieu than however the wellbeing of the equipment. As the classical school of thought regarded people as machines, Owen recognised that machines must be well cared for in order to go away optimally and lastingly, and gum olibanum improved on the classical perspective by treating the workers in a more humane way that would give them the keep an eye on and motivation to perform their best, in a happier work environment. Robert Owen not plainly made Lanark Mills more lollyable than any other mills at the time, but he proved that happy, educated and healthy employees work harder and achieve better results Proving that his method was effective.Owen was able to produce unheard of profit and good productivity due to his new methods of work, thus gaining New Lanark and himself international recognition. Owens social reform that helped his business progress includedImproving trapping conditionsMaking a public refuse systemPaving new streetsRobert Owen was a pioneer in trying to limit child labour, by introducing a more humane and progres sive employment No children jr. than ten years old were employed and these were allowed relatively decent breaks for meals and some modestly worthwhile educational opportunities.4 In adult labour his efforts were continue extensively by enforcing simple rules to eradicate drunkenness, laziness, and crime. In order to get down these efforts Owen created a Silent Monitor System where a square rig of wood indicated an employees performance via the colour at the front of the square this could be linked to scientific management where employees are monitored to improve productivity, as well as the humanistic perspective as the system was an attempt to motivate laggards to perform better and good workers to maintain high performance.5 Owen thus created a workplace that was motivated and content. Owen managed to influence other early industrialists by buying out his opponents and changing the way their businesses were run, to mimic his new approach. This would in turn, intellect others t o see how he was increasing efficiency in the workplace with his methods, and seduce them to follow suit.Modern managers recognize the importance of employee welfare, as they wealthy person seen how such(prenominal) of an impact good care can increase business success, knowledge from past examples, such as the ones set by Robert Owen. For example oblation flexible work methods where employees may work from home due to a large commutes, or children, so long as their work is move in on time. Nowadays employees are offered perks in their jobs to increase working satisfaction, and hopefully increase their dedication to the participation. E.g. Dental and medical care, holidays, pension funds, company cars/phones. By Owen giving education and general aid to his workers, we in the modern society have made this standard and are always tone for ways to further improve working environments and processes, to make businesses even more efficient and also enjoyable.LIMITATIONSAs we have seen Robert Owen was an innovator in the industrial revolution, creating policies to benefit the business environment and creating a work place that was motivational, progressive, and organized. However, Robert Owen was considered fairly radical in the business workplace during the time of the industrial revolution, and thus his policies had many limitations. Even in todays business environment some of his policies would be considered too heavily biased on equality, instead of focusing on profits, which remains the main aim of businesses in modern management.Robert Owens philosophy within management was based upon socialism, creating an equal workplace for eitherone, to increase the overall welfare of society. He tried to stress this with his business associates, however due to his views being considered radical at the time Owen alienated himself from many of his business partners. In his Truth Principles he states Any community may be arranged, on a due combination of the foregoi ng principles, in such a manner as not only to withdraw vice, poverty, and, in a great degree, misery from the world, but also to place every man-to-man under such circumstances in which he shall enjoy more changeless felicitousness than can be given to any individual under the principles which have heretofore regulated society.6 Robert Owen believed that in todays business worlds, every worker could enjoy permanent happiness, however the principles of management are based on a competitive market place, in which capitalist values are at the core of creating a profitable business and permanent happiness for workers is not the main objective of companies. Robert Owens theories would be considered as too radical and somewhat unrealistic to achieve in modern management, due to the fact that everyone must have some form of authority and responsibility, creating a workplace based on incentive and promotional prospects instead of ensuring worker happiness.The plat demonstrates another li mitation that Robert Owens classical theories contain. Robert Owen could not have foreseen how business would have developed at such a rapid rate, and to the extent in which businesses have expanded, creating new branches of business in which modern management has to facilitate. gum olibanum Robert Owen could not have known how difficult it would be to create a business anatomical structure that creates an equal and socially responsible work environment that tries to cater for an ever growing population and the effects of globalization.EVALUATIONRobert Owen is real one of the most influential management contributors in the classical perspective. He helped build a basis for modern management by introducing key social reforms, technological improvements, and increased worker productivity.Owen formed a structure for humanistic managers to develop their skills and become socially accepted. By increasing the kernel of healthy adult workers, and reducing the amount of child labour, th is, over a long period of time on a large weighing machine made the countrys economy stronger by taking pressure off of the staple fibre health systems at the time and increased the number of children in education, in order to develop a higher skilled society. By accept that every worker could contribute in some aspect and that every individual was vital to the success of his business, Owen was an inspiration to Douglas McGregor, who was the main contributor to speculation X and theory Y analysis. However, we have seen some of the limitations to his approach to management and although this was heavily influenced by the classical school of thought, to achieve his status as a pioneering manager, he used humanistic approaches too. He has proved that no one can use just one school of thought only, but a mixture of this and humanistic to improve efficiency betwixt workers and the operations of the business.SOURCES AND REFERENCESRobert Owen. Robert Owen. Web. 4 Nov. 2009. . Daft, Ric hard L. New Era Of Management. South-Western, 2008. Print.Sources/ReferencesSources used for the introductionhttp//www.answers.com/ matter/management-historical-perspectivesAdditional background reading for the introductionRobert Owen, Prophet of the Poor change by Pollard and Salt.http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_management_techniqueshttp//www.laynetworks.com/Theories-of-Motivation.html((http//www.age-of-the-sage.org/historical/biography/robert_owen.html))contributions)http//www.reliance-securities.com/images/img_structure.jpg